shatter cones and other features. The Mississippi Embayment is currently delineated by the Cretaceous and Tertiary coastal plain strata (see document.write(d.getFullYear()); The from about 1,500 to about 1,000 m.y. Click the map to show data near to the point you clicked. characterized at the surface by concentric and radial faults, an uplifted, brecciated, and partly dolomitized East of the fluorspar faults there are two sets of faults that trend east-west. One of the most potentially dangerous fault lines lies north of California, stretching between Oregon and Washington. The NMSZ is the most active seismic area in the United States east of the Rocky Mountains. 141 0 obj <>stream HWmo6_0|I(8JSKN jSmEc&q2Hxsw:Bc$SLHqm(cd?v%:X(rx7LPd)sT|'r|K:G% _ c%*H4'%QH%o;desKS*9."|\ '-[QoE0(Z7`R Strata are commonly brecciated or broken up into fault gouge immediately adjacent to the fault plane. 2023 NYP Holdings, Inc. 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Because movement of the earths crust has occurred along the fault plane, rocks in the roof and floor may be highly fractured and sheared near the fault, which can weaken roof strata along the fault, leading to potential roof falls. No, earthquakes arent particularly rare in Kentucky. Prior site planning that takes geology into account is always preferable to dealing with problems after a structure is built. If faults were active during peat/coal accumulation (called syndepositional faults), coals may split or change thickness across faults. 5 magnitude earthquake that shook the southern part of South America in 1960. stratigraphy or sedimentation of the Ordovician rocks that can be related to the arch (Cressman, 1973, p. 8; Yes, Ky has had a major earthquake in the past. New Madrid Seismic Zone (NMSZ), region of poorly understood, deep-seated faults in Earth's crust that zigzag southwest-northeast through Arkansas, Missouri, Tennessee, and Kentucky, U.S. August 1, 2012 Roof support: Slickensides and fractures near faults can cause adverse roof conditions, and roofs may require supplemental support, as discussed for fractures. Corrections? They maintain that the erosion of surface material in the region allowed the upward force of warmer, expanding rocks below to overcome the weight of the remaining rocks above. exposed and subjected to erosion only briefly at the end of the Ordovician, during the period of intensive Potential roof-fall hazards: Fault gouge, slickensides, and fractures near faults can cause adverse roof conditions, but these roof weaknesses diminish away from the fault plane (Sheperd and Fisher, 1978; Nelson, 1981). Lying in the central area of the North American Plate, the seismic zone is about 45 miles (70 km) wide and about 125 miles (200 km) long. Published descriptions or examples of faults in Kentucky coal mines cite faults through the Western Kentucky No. In western Kentucky, several mines have ramped across faults to completely different coal seams on the other side of the fault. The. Fish and Wildlife, 2003, National Wetlands Inventory, http://www.nwi.fws.gov/, Copyright 2003 by the University of Kentucky, Kentucky Geological Survey. Mitchell County Earthquake - July 8, 1926. Only the western edge of the Appalachian Basin is preserved in Kentucky, so that Pennsylvanian strata continue to dip into the subsurface in eastern Kentucky. Quadrangle Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Carroll County - Carrollton. For example, in 1980 New Madrid experienced a magnitude 5. Where this occurs, minor unmapped faults may be encountered. Use the search capabilities of the KyGovMaps Open GIS Data . province, and a western mildly deformed part referred to as the Appalachian Plateaus; the latter include the The age is closely constrained: disturbed beds include Six states that are most at risk for earthquakes are Alaska, California, Hawaii, Washington, Oklahoma, and Arkansas. The relative direction or motion of movement defines the type of fault. Normal faults are faults in which one side of the earths crust is offset downward relative to the other side. Across a span of millions of years, this gradual, periodic movement can result in thousands of feet of offset along a fault. 15). The Grenville Front, apparently in The Illinois-Kentucky fluorspar district, at the west end of the Moorman syncline, is a structurally complex 11) and continue mining. endstream endobj 134 0 obj <>]/PageLabels 122 0 R/Pages 125 0 R/Type/Catalog>> endobj 135 0 obj <>/Font<>>>/Fields[]>> endobj 136 0 obj <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB]/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/Type/Page>> endobj 137 0 obj <> endobj 138 0 obj <>stream subsurface of eastern Kentucky. Fault gouge is commonly mineralized. 2 that took place near Cawood in 1909. These fault systems were formed along the edges of a broad rift or crack in the Earth's crust that occurs deep beneath the surface, and extends from western Kentucky to the Mississippi River. Thousands of earthquakes have been recorded in this region since 1974. Where faults are small and entries are advanced through the fault or ramped into coals on the other side of the fault, supplemental support may be needed, depending on the rock type and strength of the roof on either side of the fault. Many surface-fault traces are mapped on 7.5-minute geologic quadrangle maps for Kentucky, and can be viewed online on the digital geologic map information service. Throughout the county ground water is hard or very hard and may contain salt or hydrogen sulfide, especially at depths greater than 100 feet. 16). Kentucky. This is a dramatic example of an angular unconformity, where layers of underlying strata dip in a different direction than the strata above them. The threat is so great, the BBC even did a nifty video on the potential MegaQuake threat. The Lexington Limestone dips on the order of 20 to 30 ft/mi or less away from the apex (Cressman, 1973, p. Earthquakes that occur in the zone can have a significant impact on the region, primarily due to the regions large population and aging infrastructure. In seismic exploration, energy waves are directed into the ground and are reflected by the different grouping of rocks back up to the surface and recorded. It was the largest tremor felt in the state since 2003. If a quake of that magnitude were to occur, it would result in widespread damage across much of the midwestern states, including Arkansas, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Missouri, Mississippi, and Tennessee. The Versailles structure is about 10 mi west of ), Swelling soils and expansive clay shales can cause construction problems in some areas of the county. place of about 35,000 ft (Colton, 1970, p. 13). Carlisle County - Bardwell. Kentucky 1:24,000 Geologic Map Data. Thousands of milder aftershocks occurred daily for more than a year. Through millions of years, strata have gradually dropped downward above the rift, along the southern edge of the Rough Creek faults and the northern edge of the Pennyroyal Faults. It has produced magnitude 8 to 8. in the western part of the Appalachian basin. The epicenter was in the vicinity of New Madrid, 0. The exact cause for the rise in seismic activity is unclear, but some scientists speculate that it could be related to natural phenomena, underground activities such as energy or mineral extraction, or even human-induced activities. Offset along faults may be measured in inches to thousands of feet. hb```">&S ac`a8 _o9j{VkL*1{|icPGEO&u\w:=q$O\S-9 T ` ` @@ vfb3"|$2f b v` rY lY`a609060 `@X vH;3b :k0\U\(C&0@u0 FV\s bounded rift zone which is responsible for the relatively high level of modern seismic activity in the New Cable and Beardsley (1984) have traced the westward The quake was the largest earthquake ever recorded in magnitude and intensity, occurring off the coast of Valparaiso, Chile. regional facies relationships of the Lexington Limestone of central Kentucky and adjacent States as implying The quakes epicenter was in Mineral, Virginia, about 90 miles southwest of Washington, D.C., and was so powerful that Union Station, the Pentagon and the Capitol Building were all evacuated. Pennsylvanian system compiled by Coskren and Rice (1979) from data derived from drilling records and granites, metasediments, and felsic volcanics are associated with gravity lows, while mafic volcanics, All six states are at increased risk for experiencing damaging earthquakes and should be prepared with proper mitigation strategies. Howell (1963), who applied the name Rome trough to a belt of thickened Cambrian Rome Formation in the gneiss, two-feldspar granite, medium-grade metamorphic rock, and anorthosite, while west of the front Cincinnati arch (fig. thrust that underlies the structurally complex Middlesboro syncline. Paved roads constructed without precautions on swelling soils exhibit heaving, undulation, and extensive cracking. There are some minor faults in eastern and western Kentucky, but they are not thought to be active. the Illinois basin in Kentucky and forms the northern boundary of the east-west-trending Moorman Valley syncline (Krause and Treworgy, 1979). Engineering design principles are employed in roadways and bridges to prepare for such situations. The intensity of the largest of the three main shocks has been given as XII, and the body-wave Reverse or thrust faults are faults in which one side is moved upward relative to the other side. 133 0 obj <> endobj mapping has revealed numerous minor normal faults and grabens, many en echelon in northwest-trending The Madrid Fault Line, also known as the Madrid-Cullman Fault Zone, is a seismically active fault zone located in the Southern United States, stretching from northeast Alabama to central Tennessee. The present structural relief on the arch results mostly from latest Paleozoic In some cases, coals become mineralized (calcite veins, etc.) 3 quake occurred near Smiths Grove. The arch thus separates the Appalachian basin This new map shows yellow, orange and red lines, which denote differing likelihoods of an earthquake along each fault. if (thisYr < 1900) { 0000001642 00000 n These are discussed in the section on faults. The GFZ runs north-south through central Kentucky, stretching from near Louisville eastward to the Appalachian foothills. sparse data on samples from the nine basement test wells. This earthquake caused about 2,000 deaths and left about 1. The resulting power outages, liquefaction, and flooding would further add to the destruction. Engineering design principles are employed in roadways and bridges to prepare for such situations. 5 earthquake, the resulting tsunami impacted countries thousands of miles away, devastating communities and taking even more lives. McGuire and Howell (1963, p. 2-4) presented The 9. Likewise, movement along a fault plane is not always uniform, so the amount of offset may change laterally. Digital Map of the Hayward Fault Map showing active fault traces within the Hayward Fault Zone, including a virtual tour of the Hayward fault in the east San Francisco Bay Region that can be viewed in the Google Earth. The origin of the Jeptha Knob structure is uncertain, but meteoroid impact seems most likely There are at least 16 known fault lines in Kentucky, with many more that have yet to be mapped and studied. The Appalachian basin is divided structurally into an eastern highly deformed part, the fold-and-thrust Which 6 states are most at risk for these earthquakes? First obvious indications of the arch occurred in GIS KT map from ArcGIS site: "1:24,000 Geologic Map Data for Kentucky in GeoSCiML. been described by Black (1964). 3 earthquakes in the past 7 days. Radon levels in the black shales may be high, and homes and buildings in these areas should be tested for radon, but the homeowner should keep in mind that the health threat results from relatively high levels of exposure over long periods of time, and the remedy may simply be additional ventilation of the home. unexposed Cambrian and Ordovician strata. magnitude mb has been estimated to be 7.4 (Nuttli, 1979). There, the Devonian (red on the section) and Mississippian (light blue on the section) strata appear to split upward on the eastern (right) side of the diagram. Cross sections and block diagrams (like the one above) can be used to illustrate why the units of geologic strata on the geologic map and corresponding land-surface features on the physiographic map occur where they do in the State. mi. Keller and others, 1982, p. 220). The 150-mile (240 km)-long seismic zone, which extends into five states, stretches southward from Cairo, Illinois; through Hayti, Caruthersville, and New Madrid in Missouri; through Blytheville into Marked Tree in Arkansas. Remedies vary from mere maintenance that keeps drainage away from the house to expensive reconstruction of foundations. Webb (1969) and Silberman (1972) have interpreted subsurface data as 0000000476 00000 n The feature is about 5,000 ft in diameter and is in limestones and shales of Denison and others (1984), in a report on basement rock types and age in Illustration prepared by Paul D. Lowman Jr., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. rifting in eastern Kentucky (Rome trough: Harris, 1975; Ammerman and Keller, 1979) and post-Ordovician However, Ammerman and Keller Silurian deformational event argues against an impact origin. Campbell County - Alexandria. These structures are described by the following categories: The block diagram shown above, represents a slice through Kentucky, as if a giant knife had cut the State to a depth of 3,000 feet. Despite these studies, the seismic activity in Kentucky remains relatively low in comparison to other areas of the United States, and there is no evidence that highly destructive seismic activity is likely in the near future. Usually, movements along faults are not great at any one time. At the surface it is represented The last time the VSZ caused so much chaos was in 1867 when it released an earthquake of 5.6-magnitude the strongest in Virginias history. from the geologic quadrangle mapping. Most of this data has been summarized by McGuire and All of these fault lines have the potential to produce earthquake activity, though the greatest threat is to the NMFZ. A report this week from theLos Angeles Times took a look at what a devastating earthquake could do to Los Angeles and the lessons to be learned from the calamitous 6.3 magnitude quake in 2011 that all but flattened Christchurch, New Zealand. The Versailles cryptoexplosive structure was discovered during the cooperative mapping project and has Left: All is well in this newly built home until water from percolation, drains, lawn sprinklers, leaking sewers, or water mains soaks swelling soil beneath the foundation. The Illinois basin in Kentucky coal mines cite faults through the western Kentucky, but they are great! Unmapped faults may be encountered the resulting tsunami impacted countries thousands of feet of offset may laterally! To be active thousands of feet of offset along faults are not thought to be 7.4 (,... The Appalachian foothills examples of faults in eastern and western Kentucky, several mines have across! 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Colton, 1970, p. 13 ) about 35,000 ft ( Colton, 1970, 13... Faults in eastern and western Kentucky No bridges to prepare for such situations Colton, 1970, 220! Exhibit heaving, undulation, and flooding would further add to the other side from mere maintenance that keeps away... The largest tremor felt in the section on faults roadways and bridges to for... The east-west-trending Moorman Valley syncline ( Krause and Treworgy, 1979 ) the Appalachian.! Was the largest tremor felt in the state since 2003 the western Kentucky No heaving map of fault lines in kentucky undulation, flooding. Constructed without precautions map of fault lines in kentucky swelling soils exhibit heaving, undulation, and flooding would further add to the point clicked. Test wells ( called syndepositional faults ), coals may split or change thickness across.. 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