Then-candidateJoe Biden had nominated Harris in August 2020 during the Democratic partys remote national convention. The Great Migration was one of the largest migrations ever of the African American population. By the mid 1970s, many universities were seeking to increase the presence of minority and female faculty and students on their campuses. By 1900, the unwritten color line barring Black players from white teams in professional baseball was strictly enforced. Only a few southern states have been readmitted to the Union. Based on the passage, Eastman sought to make popular photography possible by inventing a camera that was. It opened up national markets for selling and obtaining resources and helped lower costs of production. B) After the end of slavery, African Americans could move and find new work. Based on the passage, Eastman sought to make popular photography possible by inventing a camera that was. More than 20,000 women and men in the ILGWU walked off their jobs in 1909. What caused many boomtowns to turn into ghost towns? Hunters could chase herds to hunt individual buffalo. As a result, the price of enslaved people was dropping, and the continued growth of slavery seemed in doubt. Congress was debating Kennedys civil rights reform bill when he was killed by an assassins bullet in Dallas, Texas in November 1963. The nine Black students entered the school under heavily armed guard, marking the first time since Reconstruction that federal troops had provided protection for Black Americans against racial violence. I am tired of fighting . Some 186,000 Black soldiers would join the Union Army by the time the war ended in 1865, and 38,000 lost their lives. C) In the African. Cities in the East and West increased in population. Du Bois, for one, railed against Van Vechtens novel and criticized works by Black writers, such as McKays novel Home to Harlem, that he saw as reinforcing negative stereotypes of Black people. And on March 13, 26-year-old EMT Breonna Taylorwas shot eight times and killed after police broke down the door to her apartment while executing a nighttime warrant. On March 6, 1857, the U.S. Supreme Court handed down its decision in Scott v. Sanford, delivering a resounding victory to southern supporters of slavery and arousing the ire of northern abolitionists. It allowed any man to vote if he had an ancestor who could vote in 1867. After beating the boy, they shot him to death and threw his body in the Tallahatchie River. A. a new treaty agreement that relocated the Plains Indians to reservations in Oklahoma. . -Terence Powderly, President of the Knights of Labor Why might recent events have led to many African Americans working for ranchers? In October 1967, an all-white jury found seven of the defendants guilty and acquitted the other nine. . Their growing influence greatly dismayed many white southerners, who felt control slipping ever further away from them. C) In the, states could limit voting rights in elections more African Americans could go to school segregation kept the races apart or separate sharecropping helped poor blacks own land, The laws allowed African Americans to be arrested unfairly. An enslaved family picking cotton in the fields near Savannah, circa 1860s. The ILGWU became a key member of the AFL. . Which was a major result of the Homestead Act of 1862? The King case was eventually tried in the suburb of Simi Valley, and in April 1992 a jury found the officers not guilty. While much of the South rejoiced, seeing the verdict as a clear victory, antislavery northerners were furious. Later that year, Governor George Wallace blocked the enrollment of a Black student at the University of Alabama, pledging to stand in the schoolhouse door. Though Wallace was eventually forced by the federalized National Guard to integrate the university, he became a prominent symbol of the ongoing resistance to desegregation nearly a decade after Brown v. Board of Education. Instead of waiting for Terry, the lieutenant colonel chose to wage an immediate attack. B.Gettysburg Despite the efforts of the ILGWU and other labor groups, most women with factory jobs did not join unions. Pan-Africanist ideas first began to circulate in the mid-19th century in the United States, led by Africans from the Western Hemisphere. By 1885, most southern states had laws requiring separate schools for Black and white students, and by 1900, persons of color were required to be separated from white people in railroad cars and depots, hotels, theaters, restaurants, barber shops and other establishments. He was later forced to call off the guard, and in the tense standoff that followed, TV cameras captured footage of white mobs converging on the Little Rock Nine outside the high school. Birmingham had become a leading focus of the civil rights movement by the spring of 1963 when Martin Luther King Jr. was arrested there while leading supporters of his Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) in a nonviolent campaign of demonstrations against segregation. From the same prolific [producing a lot of something] womb of governmental injustice we breed the two great classestramps and millionaires. Based on information in the graph, what was one factor in the 1894 Pullman Strike? Which factor best accounts for the price change in the Model T automobile? In the wake of the Bakke verdict, affirmative action continued to be a controversial and divisive issue, with a growing opposition movement claiming that the so-called racial playing field was now equal and that African Americans no longer needed special consideration to overcome their disadvantages. How did George Westinghouse contribute to railroad transportation? In January 2021, Kamala Harris became the first woman and first woman of color to become vice president of the United States. As the outspoken public voice of the Black Muslim faith, Malcolm challenged the mainstream civil rights movement and the nonviolent pursuit of integration championed by Martin Luther King Jr. Which factor further reduced future opportunities for children at work before 1910? 4. We believe that the power of governmentin other words, of the peopleshould be expanded . In June 1905, a group led by the prominent Black educator W.E.B. . After the American Revolution, many colonists (particularly in the North, where slavery was relatively unimportant to the economy) began to link the oppression of enslaved Africans to their own oppression by the British. What general principle was established with the Plessy v. Ferguson Supreme Court decision? In 1923, the U.S. government successfully prosecuted and convicted Garvey for mail fraud in connection with selling stock in his Black Star Line shipping company. Steelworkers turned millions of tons of iron into steel for tracks and engines. Thus, the recent event that led many African Americans to work for ranchers was the end of the Civil War with slavery. 5. Their commander, Captain Benjamin O. Davis Jr., later became one of the first African American generals (his fatherGeneral Benjamin O. Davis Sr.was the first). In 1980, entrepreneur Robert L. Johnson founded Black Entertainment Television (BET), which he later sold to entertainment giant Viacom for some $3 billion. The organizations believed the participation of white students in the so-called Freedom Summer would bring increased visibility to their efforts. Floyds killing came on the heels of two other high-profile cases in 2020. The Little Rock Nine forming a study group after being prevented from entering Little Rock's Central High School. D.13th Amendment These hard workers rode alongside the huge herds in good and bad weather. In the Brown decision, Chief Justice Earl Warren famously declared that separate educational facilities are inherently unequal. Though the Courts ruling applied specifically to public schools, it implied that other segregated facilities were also unconstitutional, thus striking a heavy blow to the Jim Crow South. The Southern Pacific Railroad contributed to the growth of cities including San Francisco and Los Angeles. It mandated the desegregation of most public accommodations, including lunch counters, bus depots, parks and swimming pools, and established the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) to ensure equal treatment of minorities in the workplace. D.the give me liberty or death speech The law did not give African Americans equal protection. A former educational consultant and a founder of the National Womens Caucus, Chisholm became the first Black woman in Congress in 1968, when she was elected to the House from her Brooklyn district. After the Civil War, veterans of the Confederate Army made up the majority of the cowhands who worked in Texas. According to War Department policy, enlisted Black and white people were organized into separate units. They laid tracks, built trestles across rivers, carved tunnels through mountains, and built countless railroad stations. Along with the Civil Rights Act of the previous year, the Voting Rights Act was one of the most expansive pieces of civil rights legislation in American history, and it greatly reduced the disparity between Black and white voters in the U.S. Despite the efforts of the ILGWU and other labor groups, most women with factory jobs did not join unions. READ MORE:How the Greensboro Four Sit-In Sparked a Movement. Why did Southern states use poll taxes, literacy tests, and grandfather clauses as Reconstruction came to an end? 1 Apart from its obvious negative impact on African American individuals, families, and communities, the racial . . Plessy vs. Ferguson stood as the overriding judicial precedent in civil rights cases until 1954, when it was reversed by the Courts verdict in Brown v. Board of Education. PBS.org.The Matter of Black Lives. In October 1995, hundreds of thousands of Black men gathered in Washington, D.C. for the Million Man March, one of the largest demonstrations of its kind in the capitals history. You can ask a new question or browse more history questions. Many African American inventors were unable to benefit from their discoveries because of difficulties, Make the camera as convenient as the pencil. Two distinct business policies thus presented themselves. Our greatest trouble has always been caused by extremists who, without shadow of authority, attempted to voice the sentiments of this Order; and from this day forward I am determined that no sniveling anarchist will speak for me, and if he attempts it under shadow of this organization, then he or I must leave the Order, for I will not attempt to guide the affairs of a society that is so lacking in manhood as to allow the very worst element of the community to make use of the prestige it has gained to promote the vilest of schemes against society. In the years immediately following the Revolutionary War, the rural Souththe region where slavery had taken the strongest hold in North Americafaced an economic crisis. The Tuskegee Airmen saw combat against German and Italian troops, flew more than 3,000 missions, and served as a great source of pride for many Black Americans. . What event in the history of the West in the late 1800s prompted Chief Joseph to give his famous speech? In the summer of 1964, civil rights organizations including the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) urged white students from the North to travel to Mississippi, where they helped register Black voters and build schools for Black children. Which detail in the photo was influenced by vaqueros? In September, under pressure from CORE and other civil rights organizations, as well as from the attorney generals office, the Interstate Commerce Commission ruled that all passengers on interstate bus carriers should be seated without regard to race and carriers could not mandate segregated terminals. A - I don't know -J.P. Morgan After King allegedly resisted arrest and threatened them, four LAPD officers shot him with a TASER gun and severely beat him. However, it is estimated that nearly one in three cowhands was either Mexican American or African American. Based on this selection, which policy would the Populist Party be mostly likely to support? The American Federation of Labor differed from the Knights of Labor in that it. What industry's decline would hurt the southern economy the most? Don Hogan Charles/New York Times Co./Getty Images. Which of the following contributed most to the trend shown on the chart? According to thenSNCC chairman Stokely Carmichael, who first popularized the term Black Power in 1966, the traditional civil rights movement and its emphasis on nonviolence, did not go far enough, and the federal legislation it had achieved failed to address the economic and social disadvantages facing Black Americans. They kept the cattle moving and rounded up strays. The Voting Rights Act sought to overcome the legal barriers that still existed at the state and local levels preventing Black citizens from exercising the right to vote given them by the 15th Amendment. C.The Emancipation Proclamation READ MORE: How a New Deal Housing Program Enforced Segregation. Building rail lines created thousands of jobs. Refused service due to the counters "whites-only" policy, they stayed put until the store closed, then returned the next day with other students. Whose innovation is evident in this 1881 illustration? A.Free slave Bill Antislavery northernersmany of them free Black peoplehad begun helping enslaved people escape from southern plantations to the North via a loose network of safe houses as early as the 1780s called the Underground Railroad. read more, Black History Month honors the contributions of African Americans to U.S. history. Impatient with the leniency shown toward the former Confederate states by Andrew Johnson, who became president after Lincolns assassination in April 1865, so-called Radical Republicans in Congress overrode Johnsons veto and passed the Reconstruction Act of 1867, which basically placed the South under martial law. There on the sidewalk ______the photographers. Many Black people looked to Booker T. Washington, the author of the bestselling Up From Slavery (1900), as an inspiration. George Washington Carver, another formerly enslaved man and the head of Tuskegees agriculture department, helped liberate the South from its reliance on cotton by convincing farmers to plant peanuts, soybeans and sweet potatoes in order to rejuvenate the exhausted soil. Custer found Sitting Bull encamped [based] on the Little Bighorn River in Montana. Commanded by Brigadier General Alfred H. Terry, Custer's division was part of an expedition [mission] intended to locate and rout [defeat] tribes organized for resistance under Chief Sitting Bull. Celebrated for her ability to talk candidly about a wide range of issues, Winfrey spun her talk show success into a one-woman empireincluding acting, film and television production and publishing. What happened after the 15th amendment was passed? President Theodore Roosevelt, 1901 After an appeal by the local congressman and mayor of Little Rock to stop the violence, President Dwight D. Eisenhower federalized the states National Guard and sent 1,000 members of the U.S. Armys 101st Airborne Division to enforce the integration of Central High School. Harriet Tubman: 8 Facts About the Daring Abolitionist, How the 1876 Election Effectively Ended Reconstruction, Why Harry Truman Ended Segregation in the US Military in 1948, Why Eisenhower Sent the 101st Airborne to Little Rock After Brown v. Board, Mildred and Richard: The Love Story that Changed America, How the Greensboro Four Sit-In Sparked a Movement, Follow the Freedom Riders' Journey Against Segregation, 7 Things You May Not Know About MLKs I Have a Dream Speech, Voting Rights in the United States: Timeline, How a New Deal Housing Program Enforced Segregation, 'Unbought and Unbossed': Why Shirley Chisholm Ran for President, How Jesse Jackson's Rainbow Coalition Championed Diversity. Robinson played his first game with the Dodgers on April 15, 1947; he led the National League in stolen bases that season, earning Rookie of the Year honors. Black Power was a form of both self-definition and self-defense for African Americans; it called on them to stop looking to the institutions of white Americawhich were believed to be inherently racistand act for themselves, by themselves, to seize the gains they desired, including better jobs, housing and education. Lakota leaders such as Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse rejected the reservation system. I like a little competition, but I like combination more." READ MORE:Mildred and Richard: The Love Story that Changed America. Only the election of the antislavery Republican Abraham Lincoln as president in 1860 remained before the southern states would begin severing ties with the Union, sparking the bloodiest conflict in American history. Many labored under unsafe conditions. The fate of enslaved people in the United States would divide the nation during the Civil War. With the aid of the NAACP, Meredith filed a lawsuit alleging that the university had discriminated against him because of his race. Mildred and Richard Loving were one of the first interracial couples legally married in the United States and their union marked a pivotal moment in marriage rights for mixed-race families. . The accused killer, a white man named James Earl Ray, was captured and tried immediately; he entered a guilty plea and was sentenced to 99 years in prison; no testimony was heard. They increased the personal freedoms of enslaved African Americans. As his success and fame grew, Robinson began speaking out publicly for Black equality. (She starred in both.) In May 1961, CORE sent seven African Americans and six white Americans on a freedom ride on two buses from Washington, D.C. In this excerpt, Terence Powderly is trying to separate the Knights of Labor from the actions of anarchists in, In the text, you read this about the International Ladies' Garment Workers Union: One of the most prominent abolitionists, Frederick Douglass, was cautiously optimistic, however, wisely predicting that"This very attempt to blot out forever the hopes of an enslaved people may be one necessary link in the chain of events preparatory to the complete overthrow of the whole slave system.. What was one effect of the Haymarket Riot? Harris' election represented another advance in the slow but steady progress Black Americans have made in recent decades in gaining a greater foothold in political leadership, particularly in the U.S. House of Representatives and in the Cabinets of recent presidents. Not done fighting, Faubus closed all of Little Rocks high schools in the fall of 1958 rather than permit integration. On April 4, 1968, the world was stunned and saddened by the news that the civil rights activist and Nobel Peace Prize winner Martin Luther King Jr. had been shot and killed on the balcony of a motel in Memphis, Tennessee, where he had gone to support a sanitation workers strike. The following year, Jackson ran for the Democratic nomination for president. On August 28, 1963, some 250,000 peopleboth Black and whiteparticipated in the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, the largest demonstration in the history of the nations capital and the most significant display of the civil rights movements growing strength. A. only in confederate territory Adding that detail would reveal something about her. B. In February 2007, just months after he became only the third African American elected to the U.S. Senate since Reconstruction, Obama announced his candidacy for the 2008 Democratic presidential nomination. Free at last! African Americans and some willing whites went on Freedom Rides around the Deep South. In her victory speech in November 2020, Harris said that she was thinking "about the generations of women, Black women, Asian, white, Latina, Native American womenwho throughout our nations history have paved the way for this moment tonightwomen who fought and sacrificed so much for equality and liberty and justice for all.. Ghost towns were left behind after the mines stopped producing. The fruits of the toil [labor] of millions are boldly stolen to build up colossal fortunes for a few, unprecedented [never having happened or existed before] in the history of mankind; and the possessors of these, in turn, despise the Republic and endanger liberty. Jobs in 1909 found Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse rejected the reservation system debating! Body in the suburb of Simi Valley, and the continued growth of cities including Francisco. 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As Reconstruction came to an end have been readmitted to the growth of cities including San Francisco and Angeles. Robinson began speaking out publicly for Black equality for president came on the passage, Eastman sought to make photography! How a new Deal Housing Program enforced Segregation prolific [ producing a lot of something ] womb of injustice! Closed all of Little Rocks High schools in the fall of 1958 rather than permit integration further. From their discoveries because of his race from slavery ( 1900 ), as an inspiration cowhands was either American. Price change in the United States would divide the nation during the Democratic partys remote national convention herds good...
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