He was 65. [65] Nicholas Elliott, an MI6 officer recently stationed in Beirut who was a friend of Philby's and had previously believed in his innocence, was tasked with attempting to secure Philby's full confession. [11][pageneeded] After being evacuated from Boulogne on 21 May, he returned to France in mid-June and began representing The Daily Telegraph in addition to The Times. He trained Albanian commandossome of whom were former Nazi collaboratorsin Libya or Malta. In fact, Philby and Maclean's fellow spy, Burgess, were intimate friends; tipped off by Philby, who organised their defection, they fled to Moscow. But in Russia he is still admired as a hero. In a written statement, they admitted they had been Communists since their Cambridge days and disingenuously described themselves as political refugees, not spies. (He is pictured, left, in Moscow with his father Kim, centre, and the escaped spy George Blake.). 1915-1921. While working in Section Five, Philby had become acquainted with James Jesus Angleton, a young American counter-intelligence officer working in liaison with SIS in London. He took a job at a monthly magazine, the World Review of Reviews, for which he wrote a large number of articles and letters (sometimes under a variety of pseudonyms) and occasionally served as "acting editor. For a large sum of money, Volkov offered the names of three Soviet agents inside Britain, two of whom worked in the Foreign Office and a third who worked in counter-espionage in London. Weakened by alcoholism and frequent sickness, she died of influenza in December 1957.[91]. By the time she left Russia, Maclean was in his final decline, in and out of hospital with cancer from his lifetime of smoking. The organization was one of several fronts operated by German communist Willi Mnzenberg, a member of the Reichstag who had fled to France in 1933. Philby died in the city in 1988, 25 years after defecting to the Soviet Union, where he was employed as an occasional consultant to the KGB helping to prepare spies for missions to the west. Volkov's defection had been discussed with the British Embassy in Ankara on telephones which turned out to have been tapped by Soviet intelligence. The two men said very little and the interview lasted barely five minutes. Then, of course, there was Kim Philby's own children. He didn't seem to mind. She sensed that the Macleans marriage was a difficult one again, with Donald on occasion still getting hopelessly drunk. But in Russia he is still admired as a hero. The double spys fourth wife and widow, Rufina Philby, told the paper that her British husband, whom she married in 1971, eight years after his defection, was disappointed about some of what he saw in the USSR. In 1940 he was interviewed by MI5 officers in London, led by Jane Archer. Krivitsky claimed that two Soviet intelligence agents had penetrated the Foreign Office and that a third Soviet intelligence agent had worked as a journalist for a British newspaper during the civil war in Spain. [90] Aileen suffered from psychiatric problems, which grew more severe during the period of poverty and suspicion following the flight of Burgess and Maclean. (LogOut/ She was later sent to a Swiss clinic for treatment. Officially, his post was that of First Secretary to the British Embassy; in reality, he served as chief British intelligence representative in Washington. '', he would reply: ''Oh yes, I'm his son.''. That summer, friends thought her distracted. The rendezvous took place in Regents Park. His public position was that of First Secretary at the British Consulate; in reality, his intelligence work required overseeing British agents and working with the Turkish security services.[42]. there is a new book on the shelves, a fictional account of philby and his recruitment when he went to vienna austria, then returning to Britain to carry out his duties. Larger numbers were landed by sea and air under Operation Valuable, which continued until 1951, increasingly under the influence of the newly formed CIA. They knew the risks they were running. Burgess did not cope well. For the Soviets, Philby was an invaluable asset, ensuring the correct use of idiomatic and diplomatic English phrases in their disinformation efforts. The Macleans lived well, housed in a smart building overlooking the river, in a splendid six-room flat which they gradually filled with bric--brac and furniture shipped from home. A more serious threat to Philby's position had come to light. He drank to excess, hit her, and often disappeared. When visiting Paris after the war, he was shocked to discover that the address that he used for Mlle Dupont was that of the Soviet embassy. After the magazine's owner changed the paper's role to covering Anglo-German trade, Philby engaged in a concerted effort to make contact with Germans such as Joachim von Ribbentrop, at that time the German ambassador in London. To protect his family, still living in the USSR, Orlov said nothing about Philby, an agreement Stalin respected. H. Saint John Philby, in full Harry Saint John Bridger Philby, (born April 3, 1885, Saint Johns, Badula, Ceylon [now Sri Lanka]died September 30, 1960, Beirut, Lebanon), British explorer and Arabist, the first European to cross the Rub al-Khali, or Empty Quarter, of Arabia from east to west. Aileen died in 1957, when Tommy was just 11 years old; his contact with his father was cut off as soon as the double spy defected to the USSR in January 1963. He is widely considered historys most successful double spy. In those days, correspondence had to be sent to a PO Box; and in his reply, Kim would sign off under a special code name, Panina (a combination of Pa and Nina, the alias used for Kims wife). But Maclean sobered up and went cold turkey in a detoxification clinic. Harold Adrian Russell "Kim" Philby, fdd 1 januari 1912 i Ambala, Provinsen Punjab, Brittiska Indien, dd 11 maj 1988 i Moskva, Sovjetunionen, var en brittisk stor spion och dubbelagent samt verste inom KGB . Find out where Kim Philby was born, their birthday and details about their professions, education, religion, family and other life details and facts. It was a mystery. It is possible that it was a Viennese-born friend of Friedmann's in London, Edith Tudor Hart herself, at this time, a Soviet agent who first approached Philby about the possibility of working for Soviet intelligence. [10], Philby acted as a courier between Vienna and Prague, paying for the train tickets out of his remaining 75 and using his British passport to evade suspicion. He later wrote "she had got a tantalising scrap of information about a young English journalist whom the Soviet intelligence had sent to Spain during the Civil War. (. Contained in the traffic (intercepted and decrypted as part of the Venona project) was information that documents had been sent to Moscow from the British Embassy in Washington. Philby, who married three times, is survived by a daughter, the journalist Charlotte Philby. , updated The comments below have not been moderated, By They even had a dacha a country cottage 20 miles from Moscow where the children could swim, fish, bicycle and forage for mushrooms. [24], In 1940, on the recommendation of Burgess, Philby joined MI6's Section D, a secret organisation charged with investigating how enemies might be attacked through non-military means. Harry St. John Philby, () 3.73 avg rating 11 ratings. Philby snr was the senior officer of Britain's Secret Intelligence Service (MI6) in Washington in the early 1950s, working with the CIA and FBI, when he fell under suspicion of spying. BROWN:: St. John Philby was born in Ceylon, then a part of the British Empire, very typically English ruling-class family, military background, senior military appointments and one of the colonists who went out to build the coffee industry in Ceylon at the turn of the century.They were an upper-middle-class family of repute Danish origin going back to the 16th century, and much admired in . regarding his possible Soviet affiliations continued. She put the two boys into the International School in Geneva and finally explained to them what had happened to their father, reporting to her sister that their worst fear seems to be that I might vanish too. On 25 October 1955, following revelations in The New York Times, Labour MP Marcus Lipton used parliamentary privilege to ask Prime Minister Anthony Eden if he was determined "to cover up at all costs the dubious third man activities of Mr Harold Philby"[57] This was reported in the British press, leading Philby to threaten legal action against Lipton if he repeated his accusations outside Parliament. In 1948, troubled by the heavy drinking and frequent depressions that had become a feature of her husband's life in Istanbul, she experienced a breakdown of this nature, staging an accident and injecting herself with urine and insulin to cause skin disfigurations. (LogOut/ Halfway there, they switched cars and drove to a small airport in the Soviet zone of Austria. He was a sad traitor. Pierre-Charles Path. [75], Upon his arrival in Moscow in January 1963, Philby discovered that he was not a colonel in the KGB, as he had been led to believe. P&P free on orders over 15. He got himself a job teaching English in a school. Of the five, Philby is believed to have been most successful in providing secret information to the Soviets.[2]. To the extent that I helped defeat them, even if it caused their deaths, I have no regrets. Beginning his career as a member of the Indian Civil Service, he later moved to the Middle East, where he became well-known as an Arabist, adviser, explorer and writer. His mother, Dora nee Johnston, was his father's first wife. From April 1950, Maclean had been the prime suspect in the investigation into the Embassy leak. He said that there was no discipline there; he made friends with the archivist, which enabled him for years to take secret documents home, many unrelated to his own work, and bring them back the next day; his handler took and photographed them overnight. Harry St John Bridger Philby CIE (born 3 April 1885, Badulla, British Ceylon - 30 September 1960, Beirut, Lebanon), also known as Jack Philby or Sheikh Abdullah ( ), his Arabic name, was an Arabist, explorer, writer, and British colonial office intelligence officer. He was an agent-in-place or a penetration agent or a mole if you wish of the KGB/NKVD. Philby, one of the few British intelligence officers operating in America at the time, was an obvious possibility. [78][pageneeded] Philby was under virtual house arrest, guarded, with all visitors screened by the KGB. Wages and incomes of the population. "Kim" Philby, history, interviews, KGB, MI6, News, NKVD, Rufina Pukhova-Philby, UK, USSR. You should have seen his face.". Philby admired the strength of her political convictions and later recalled that at their first meeting: A frank and direct person, Litzi came out and asked me how much money I had. Philby was only an agent of one service, the KGB. In 1963 he was revealed to be a member of the Cambridge Five, a spy ring which had divulged British secrets to the Soviets during World War II and in the early stages of the Cold War. "It was winter and we were going out for a walk and I found one of my boots had disappeared. After Philby defected to the Soviet Union in 1963, Eleanor visited him in Moscow. He claimed he made the admission to her to excuse his lateness for their meetings when he was busy handling documents and rendezvousing with his Soviet handler. Macleans study resembled that of a Cambridge professor, with copies of Trollope, biographies of Gladstone and airmail editions of The Times. Burgess was arrested in September for drunken driving and was subsequently fired,[29] while Philby was appointed as an instructor on clandestine propaganda at the SOE's finishing school for agents at the Estate of Lord Montagu[30][pageneeded] in Beaulieu, Hampshire. A plaque in his honour was. "" ( : Harold Adrian Russell "Kim" Philby ; 1 1912 - 11 1988) . She hoped Donald would now find a way of getting in touch with her. If one accepts Philbys propaganda one can repeat Philbys non-double agent claim. [67] When Nicholas Elliott met Philby in late 1962, the first time since Golitsyn's defection, he found Philby too drunk to stand and with a bandaged head; he had fallen repeatedly and cracked his skull on a bathroom radiator, requiring stitches. He valued his anonymity, but never changed his name from Philby. Philby planned to infiltrate five or six groups of migrs into Soviet Armenia or Soviet Georgia, but efforts among the expatriate community in Paris produced just two recruits. [39][5], The intervention of Philby in the affair and the subsequent capture of Volkov by the Soviets might have seriously compromised Philby's position. [11][pageneeded], By September 1941, Philby began working for Section Five of MI6, a section responsible for offensive counter-intelligence. In early May 1951, Burgess got three speeding tickets in a single daythen pleaded diplomatic immunity, causing an official complaint to be made to the British Ambassador. [47] His dissolution had a troubling effect on Philby; the morning after a particularly disastrous and drunken party, a guest returning to collect his car heard voices upstairs and found "Kim and Guy in the bedroom drinking champagne. [58] Following the departure of his father and stepbrothers for Saudi Arabia, Philby continued to live alone in Ajaltoun, but took a flat in Beirut after beginning an affair with Eleanor, the Seattle-born wife of New York Times correspondent Sam Pope Brewer. [4][5], Nicknamed "Kim" after the boy-spy in Rudyard Kipling's novel Kim,[3] Philby attended Aldro preparatory school, an all-boys school located in Shackleford near Godalming in Surrey, England, United Kingdom. Melinda put the bravest of faces on her situation when she wrote to her still grief-stricken mother that she understood the suffering she had caused. But unlike his notorious father, who was hailed a hero in the Soviet Union and buried with full honours, Philby jnr led a low-profile life, and ran his own successful joinery business from a workshop near King's Cross in north London. Maclean seemed totally at one with Soviet ways and believed to his death that the USSR and its new society has a much better prospect than the old of overcoming the major ills and injustices of our civilisation. His alcoholic mother, Aileen Furse, was his father's mistress before they were married in 1946 after he divorced his first wife. Harry George Philby (Q96086099) No description defined edit Statements instance of human 0 references sex or gender male 1 reference given name Harry 0 references date of birth 1950 1 reference father Kim Philby 1 reference mother Aileen Amanda Furse 1 reference sibling Dudley Thomas Philby 1 reference John David Philby 1 reference During the summer of 1945, a Soviet cipher clerk had reused a one-time pad to transmit intelligence traffic. He was publicly exonerated in 1955, after which he resumed his career as both a journalist and a spy for SIS in Beirut, Lebanon. On 23 May, concerned that Maclean had not yet fled, Philby wired Burgess, ostensibly about his Lincoln convertible abandoned in the Embassy car park. [84] Despite reports to the contrary, Philby's wife claimed in a 1997 interview that the idea of Philby becoming depressed and destitute in Moscow was "a myth". Philby's work led to the deaths of dozens of British agents, making him a reviled traitor once he was exposed in Britain. They went to live with an aunt and uncle, and saw little of his father. But the two men, for so long ideological comrades, fell out. by. Fergie is horrified that [Donald] might have done something wrong at the office and the FO will be very angry when he returns. His own comment was "I do not say that people were happy under the regime but the CIA underestimated the degree of control that the Authorities had over the country. He had been ordered to investigate Maclean, another double agent who had been passing British secrets to the Soviets. Philby had other less damaging routines: a cup of Russian tea at 7am and English tea with milk at 5pm, drunk from a fine porcelain cup. When he died, in 1988, he was buried with honors by the Soviet authorities. Harry George Philby Birth. Harry St John Bridger Philby Order of the Indian Empire (CIE) (3 April 1885, Badulla, British Ceylon - 30 September 1960, Beirut, Lebanon), also known as Jack Philby or Sheikh Abdullah ( ), was a British Arabist, adviser, explorer, writer, and colonial office intelligence officer. [82] Philby continued to read The Times, which was not generally available in the USSR, listened to the BBC World Service, and was an avid follower of cricket. 14:46 GMT 17 Apr 2018, For 15 years, British diplomat Donald Maclean was passing state secrets to his KGB masters. However, she denies that Philby ever regretted defecting to the Soviet Union, adding that he never talked of going home to Britain. Born in British India, Philby was educated at Westminster School and Trinity College, Cambridge. In the same interview, she confirmed that Philby was a heavy drinker when they first met, but later became sober. Philby told the British, after a direct question to Franco, that German troops would never be permitted to cross Spain to attack Gibraltar. [85], Philby found work in the early 1970s in the KGB's Active Measures Department churning out fabricated documents. An Indian Civil Service officer turned Arabist and explorer, he spent 20 years travelling across the desert on camelback charting Saudi's unexplored Empty Quarter, crossing paths with Lawrence of. [44] She was sent to a clinic in Switzerland to recover. It is also true, she said, that he tried to kill himself at one point. "But he never got aggressive, and just went to bed. Hed been worried about leaving her and their children to carry on without him, but shed given him the all-clear to go. But he also did it to impress her. [11][pageneeded], A more serious incident occurred in August 1945, when Konstantin Volkov, an NKVD agent and vice-consul in Istanbul, requested political asylum in Britain for himself and his wife. Like his father, he enjoyed the company of women, and drank and smoked heavily. However, his son told The Telegraph that his fathers contribution to the physical demise of Western intelligence operatives is overstated: there is no information that anyone died as a result of Kim Philbys treachery, he said. the title escapes me at the moment. This turned out to be identical with Barclay's dispatch, convincing the NKVD that Philby had seen the full Barclay report. After I had been wounded and decorated by Franco himself, I became known as 'the English-decorated-by-Franco' and all sorts of doors opened to me. [25][26] Philby and Burgess ran a training course for would-be saboteurs at Brickendonbury Manor in Hertfordshire. In late summer 1943, the SIS provided the GRU an official report on the activities of German agents in Bulgaria and Romania, soon to be liberated by the Soviet Union. [54][61] There, his journalism served as cover for renewed work for MI6. [92] Melinda left Maclean and briefly lived with Philby in Moscow. [61], It is unclear whether Philby had been alerted, but Eleanor noted that as 1962 wore on, expressions of tension in his life "became worse and were reflected in bouts of deep depression and drinking". Alamy. But such treatment did not last and they were quickly dispatched to the closed city of Kuybyshev, 600 miles east of Moscow far away, they were told, from British assassination squads. He did a lot with us., Philby was sent to Beirut in 1956 to work for The Observer, leaving his children in London, after being. After leaving Cambridge, Philby worked as a journalist, covering the Spanish Civil War and the Battle of France. [9][pageneeded]. Alasdair Soussi. In January 1963, having finally been unmasked as a Soviet agent, Philby defected to Moscow, where he lived until his death in 1988. In 1964 when he was 20, the young Philby was fined 15 and placed on probation for two years for stealing, with two friends, a radio, alcohol, cigarettes and cash valued in all at 75 from a sports pavilion at Greenwich. "[59] Following this, Philby gave a press conference in whichcalmly, confidently, and without the stammer he had struggled with since childhoodhe reiterated his innocence, declaring, "I have never been a communist. Donald Maclean, although arrogant and someone who liked a drink too, was regarded as more convivial. Harry George Philby was so named after Harry Truman and George Washington, keeping with. [citation needed], The SIS planned to interrogate Maclean on 28 May 1951. Melinda, now officially Natasha Frazer, hated Kuybyshev, which she found very primitive, and for a while Donald was depressed and disillusioned by the reality of Soviet Russia. Philby was a 19-year-old art student when his father was exposed in 1963 as a traitor. Two years later, a Sunday Times correspondent was in Moscow and about to pack his bags after an unsuccessful attempt to interview the Soviet leader, Nikita Khrushchev, when, out of the blue, he was invited to a room in his hotel. Please. Philby jnr admitted that when the news broke, he felt a sense of something approaching quiet approval. [40], A month later Igor Gouzenko, a cipher clerk in Ottawa, took political asylum in Canada and gave the Royal Canadian Mounted Police names of agents operating within the British Empire that were known to him. His office oversaw a large amount of urgent and top-secret communications between the United States and London. He became a member of the Anglo-German Fellowship, an organization aiming at rebuilding and supporting a friendly relationship between Germany and the United Kingdom. Philbys odd support for the Stalinist system is another personal failing. He was 65. Harry St John Philby on his 1917 trek across the Arabian Peninsula, which he recorded in his 1922 book 'Heart of Arabia'. Once hed gone, she rode out the public furore, the door-stepping journalists, the MI5 questioning, the abuse and insinuations, the bullying of her sons at school. Later, realising that he lacked the talent to be a professional painter, Philby worked briefly as a freelance newspaper photographer before taking up joinery. Sister of Harold Adrian Russell "Kim" Philby; Diana Mary Bridger Philby and Helena Verna Philby. [5], Kim Philby, memorandum in Security Service Archives (1963). It has since been suggested that the whole confrontation with Elliott had been a charade to convince the KGB that Philby had to be brought back to Moscow, where he could serve as a British penetration agent of Moscow Centre. However, Pukhova said the fear that she would leave had helped her husband temper his intake in later years. 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