advantages and disadvantages of the 1988 education reform act

/Contents 158 0 R /StructParents 41 >> /First 113 0 R endobj However, in recent years, some schools have discontinued their multiage programs due to the grade-level standards and testing requirements imposed by the No Child Left Behind Act and most states' accountability laws. /ExtGState << /TT0 120 0 R /GS0 125 0 R /OCGs [7 0 R] endobj But perhaps the biggest weakness of the market has been the failure to guarantee enough good teachers and challenging schools that struggle in performance measures often find it the hardest to recruit good teachers. The Pros: Advantages and Applications of Facial Recognition System. /ExtGState << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] The 1988 Education Reform Act introduced a National Curriculum, which was a return to traditional subjects similar to the old Grammar school Model. /Type /Page /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] endobj /Rotate 0 /Parent 2 0 R 78 0 obj 203 0 R 204 0 R 205 0 R 206 0 R 207 0 R 208 0 R 209 0 R 210 0 R 211 0 R 212 0 R /MC0 129 0 R >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /MC0 129 0 R 54 0 obj >> /Font << /TT1 121 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /GS0 125 0 R /Contents 247 0 R /StructParents 53 Ball, Bowe & Gerwitz investigated to see what impact the policies were having. /Contents 230 0 R /Resources << /Properties << endobj /GS0 125 0 R /Contents 233 0 R >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /MC0 129 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /GS0 125 0 R /TT1 226 0 R /Rotate 0 /Contents 242 0 R The 1988 Education Reform Act was based on the principles of making schools more competitive (marketisation) and giving parents choice (parentocracy). endobj Twenty years after the introduction of the 1988 Education Reform Act (ERA), BELMAS (British Educational Leadership, Management & Administration Society) held a discussion forum for academics, teachers and all those interested in education policy and practice. /Font << /MC0 129 0 R /Prev 18 0 R /StructParents 20 << /Type /Page /TT1 226 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] A bit like What car? magazine, but for schools. /ExtGState << << /Type /Page >> A considerable area of cultivable waste land and private forests . Education Reform Act (1988) Aims To raise standards To make schools more accountable To run schools on 'market principles' and improve efficiency/competition To give parents (consumers) greater choice Creating an education 'market' so that schools were competing against each other for 'customers' (pupils). /Title >> >> The best schools become oversubscribed often with four or more pupils competing for each place. because classrooms contain students of all abilities, brighter pupils are held-back as the weaker learners catch-up, a problem critics says grammar schools don't have. /Type /Page /ExtGState << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Kids [102 0 R 103 0 R 104 0 R 105 0 R 106 0 R 107 0 R 108 0 R 109 0 R 110 0 R 111 0 R] /TT0 120 0 R /Type /Pages Situated in one of the most deprived parts of the country, it was propelled into the national headlines when the former cabinet minister and local parent Oliver Letwin proclaimed at a Tory party conference fringe meeting that he would rather beg on the streets than send his children to the school closest to where he lived. /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> >> /Type /Page /StructParents 27 >> /TT1 226 0 R endobj >> /GS0 125 0 R << /GS0 125 0 R >> endobj /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> /TT3 121 0 R The advantages and disadvantages of education although seemingly quite clear can be explored to quite a detailed level. /Parent 14 0 R >> << /TT2 121 0 R /TT2 226 0 R /TT1 226 0 R /Properties << >> >> The New Rights theory was that marketisation would improve efficiency in schools, which should automatically be achieved by making schools more competitive 0 therefore reducing the education budget. /Type /Page 62 0 obj endobj >> >> /Type /Page /StructParents 22 /Properties << The education reform movement as we have known it is over. >> << /Title 52 0 obj Restructuring the Philippines's basic educational system through the K to 12 Program is a tough but . /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> /Properties << >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /LetterspaceFlags 0 >> << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /TT0 120 0 R To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below: Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content? The 1988 Education act gave more power to parents to choose which school to send their children too and more power to heads of school to manage their own budget, and these two changes together meant that Local Education Authorities lost a lot of their control over how education was managed at the county level. B 'Bad' schools would lose . /Contents 263 0 R /PieceInfo << Children were regularly assessed to establish whether they were meeting key stages appropriate to their . In that situation, the children of the poor are most likely to suffer.. /Font << /Resources << /TT1 121 0 R /Type /Page >> /Type /Page /Contents 228 0 R /TT1 121 0 R /StructParents 21 >> /TT2 121 0 R /TT0 120 0 R 94 0 obj /Resources << << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Rotate 0 /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /TT1 121 0 R /StructParents 86 /MC0 129 0 R /GS0 125 0 R /TT1 121 0 R >> Marketisation is used to refer to a trend in education policy from the 1980s where schools were encouraged to compete against each other and act more like private businesses rather than institutions under the control of local government. << /Contents 236 0 R /GS0 125 0 R The Best For My Child. 3 /Order [] Stories of poor financial management, even corrupt practices, in the independent state school sector persist. /Parent 14 0 R /TT2 226 0 R /TT2 231 0 R /Type /Page /StructParents 6 /Parent 9 0 R /Contents 279 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /MC0 129 0 R /TT2 121 0 R Approximately . /Kids [52 0 R 53 0 R 54 0 R 55 0 R 56 0 R 57 0 R 58 0 R 59 0 R 60 0 R 61 0 R] Even so it has hardly proved an ill wind for publishers and, among others, for beleaguered academics anxious to improve their publication ratings in time for the next research review. 110 0 obj /GS0 125 0 R >> /GS0 125 0 R /MC0 129 0 R /Rotate 0 >> << /TT0 120 0 R /ExtGState << >> /Contents 283 0 R >> /Properties << /ExtGState << >> Get Revising is one of the trading names of The Student Room Group Ltd. Register Number: 04666380 (England and Wales), VAT No. /Rotate 0 /TT0 120 0 R /ExtGState << /ExtGState << >> 117 0 obj /GS0 125 0 R >> /Font << /MC0 129 0 R /ExtGState << >> /Parent 10 0 R /Parent 9 0 R 20 0 obj Parent choice and competition had barely registered on the national consciousness. /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Properties << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] critical areas of reform which the policymakers may consider in crafting legislative interventions to broaden and reinforce further the gains of land reform in the country. /TT3 121 0 R /Contents 302 0 R 180 0 R 181 0 R 182 0 R 183 0 R 184 0 R 185 0 R 186 0 R 187 0 R 188 0 R 189 0 R Weaknesses. /Resources << /TT1 121 0 R /ExtGState << /TT0 120 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /StructParents 59 >> When Gary Phillips started his career as a young teacher, the education world was a radically different place. /Properties << /Rotate 0 /TT1 226 0 R /Font << This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. /MC0 129 0 R 0000004490 00000 n /Type /Page /Contents 243 0 R /Parent 12 0 R For instance, public policy decisions can be made by looking at decreasing state-administered tests in public schools if deficiencies in a particular subject are patent. >> Information in this post was derived from a selection of the main A-level sociology text books. >> We will write a custom Essay on Evaluation of Advantages and Disadvantages of Approaches to Curriculum Design specifically for you . /Rotate 0 /MC0 129 0 R /TT2 226 0 R >> /Resources << /Type /Page endobj >> /ExtGState << >> /Rotate 0 /Type /Page /Properties << /TT2 121 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> /GS0 125 0 R >> /Properties << /Rotate 0 /XObject << /ExtGState << /StructParents 15 The 1997 New Labour and the 2010 Coalition Government which followed kept to the basic system established in 1988. >> Sheldon Berman, Beyond discord: Resolving the tensions between charter and pu. >> /StructParents 82 19 0 obj /TT0 120 0 R 0000001818 00000 n /Type /Page >> /TT1 226 0 R /StructParents 10 >> << /Resources << /Type /Page /MC0 129 0 R /Resources << /MC0 129 0 R /Font << By Cyril John Barlongo. /Resources << /StructParents 39 /Font << >> The Education Act 1998 defines educational disadvantage as "the impediments to education arising from social or economic disadvantage which prevent students from deriving appropriate benefit from education in schools". /StructParents 66 >> /Title /Type /Page /Properties << 112 0 obj Three decades later, the tools of that market performance measures and inspection reports are a fact of life. >> The complex interaction between choice, admissions practices, house price and performance measures has led to segregation typified by schools with radically different profiles from their local communities. /MC0 129 0 R /StructParents 85 << >> >> /GS0 125 0 R /Type /Pages /Resources << Routledge. >> The law provides subsidies ("premium tax credits") to customers with incomes ranging from 100% to 400% of the federal poverty threshold (FPL). >> >> /Resources << As a result, the basic structure of our standing education system was instituted. >> /Font << Especially beneficial for kids from poor families. /Type /Page /GS0 125 0 R Proposing abolition of fees, maintenance grants and division of primary and secondary schools, this legislation was opposed by the Church of England and Roman Catholic communities, which feared loss of control to Local Education Authorities (LEAs). >> /Parent 15 0 R /ExtGState << << >> /Resources << /TT1 226 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] << /Contents 276 0 R /Resources << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> /Rotate 0 /TT2 121 0 R /Contents 291 0 R /Type /Page Learn how your comment data is processed. School vouchers give families a greater level of flexibility. /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Parent 3 0 R Recently the Bright Tribe academy trust has been in the news over transactions with companies linked to the trusts founder. >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Properties << /Resources << /StructParents 46 /TT0 120 0 R /Font << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] 0000007728 00000 n /StructParents 25 endobj /StructParents 0 53 0 obj An emphasis on individual freedom responsibility (they are against the welfare state). /Count 10 /Contents 219 0 R /Properties << /Parent 17 0 R /Rotate 0 /Next 19 0 R >> >> /Properties << >> /ExtGState << /Parent 3 0 R >> /TT0 120 0 R /MC0 129 0 R >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> /Type /Page /Names 4 0 R >> 99 0 obj 85 0 obj The law has three basic objectives: Make more individuals eligible for affordable health insurance. >> /GS0 125 0 R /MC0 129 0 R /Parent 15 0 R /Resources << >> /TT2 226 0 R /TT1 226 0 R Avoidance of long commuting times to school. >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /TT0 120 0 R >> >> 96 0 obj endobj /GS0 125 0 R It has stirred up heated responses from supporters of both sides in mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau, Taiwan, and among overseas Chinese communities with its implications of political ideology and cultural identity. The better performing schools will attract more pupils and more funding and be able to expand. Poverty Reduction. Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab. /Properties << %PDF-1.3 % More accountability provided a great opportunity for my generation of school leaders to prove ourselves and the national curriculum was right because it reduced inequality, even if it has been undermined by academy freedoms. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] endobj /Parent 14 0 R The article highlights a number of inherent contradictions in the Strategy and argues that the central proposals of choice and diversity are unlikely to reduce the gap between disadvantage and . /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Resources << /StructParents 76 >> /GS0 125 0 R endobj >> /Type /Page The biggest of these changes were the 'marketisation' of education and the introduction of the 'new vocationalism', which . /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> endobj /Resources << /Properties << H[F)NR/RgaUZU-eI|a c;93mo2w7D!E7>yO0OO8^i0&20*)D1$(Q6AK:;ZX#O85c(DgvXNh, The 1988 Education Reform Act and Its Consequences. /Parent 13 0 R /Contents 273 0 R /Parent 15 0 R endobj Coleman (1992), however, /Contents 258 0 R /MC0 129 0 R /TT0 120 0 R >> >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> endobj /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> /ExtGState << ERIC is an online library of education research and information, sponsored by the Institute of Education Sciences (IES) of the U.S. Department of Education. /MarkInfo << The 1988 Education reform act was one of the most notable and significantly developed legislation since the last radical regulation, the education act of 1944. . endobj /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /TT0 120 0 R 0000000994 00000 n endobj The education received throughout a childhood determines how the future will be for the new generation. /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Type /Page >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] The New Right introduced school league tables in which schools were ranked based on their exam performance in SATs, GCSES, and A levels. >> << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] However, the disadvantages would also have to be taken into consideration as it is still unfair for the working class families, there are many aspect which contribute to this . /Type /Page %PDF-1.4 /Type /Page /SubType /HF >> /Contents 264 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Type /Page >> /Resources << /StructParents 87 >> endobj /Properties << >> The government stipulated some criteria (children with siblings already at the school got preference for example, and those closest to the school also got preference) but eventually the government allowed some schools to become specialist schools where they were allowed to select 10% of their intake due to aptitude in a particular subject maths, music or sport for example. The main reasons are to restore public faith in the judicial system and to ensure separation of powers between the legislature and the judiciary in accordance with the ECHR. /Parent 12 0 R The antics at the Durand Academy, relieved of its funding agreement by the Department for Education, have been well documented and watched closely by neighbouring schools such as like LIlian Baylis. /Kids [72 0 R 73 0 R 74 0 R 75 0 R 76 0 R 77 0 R 78 0 R 79 0 R 80 0 R 81 0 R] /ExtGState << endobj >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] 67 0 obj /TT1 121 0 R endobj /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /ExtGState << 98 0 obj /Resources << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /F5 124 0 R >> /Font << /Rotate 0 /CropBox [0 0 595 842] endobj /Parent 15 0 R /Type /Pages >> /TT0 120 0 R endobj /TT0 120 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> >> /TT1 226 0 R >> /Font << Children can choose schools according to their preferences. >> << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> /Resources << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Parent 10 0 R >> /Rotate 0 /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] << /Contents 237 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Parent 13 0 R He has led efforts to improve public education as a teacher, principal, researcher, and advocate for 30 years. trailer /Font << /TT0 120 0 R /Contents 281 0 R 25 0 obj /TT1 231 0 R /StructParents 84 /Subtype /XML /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /ExtGState << /ExtGState << /TT2 226 0 R /StructParents 44 /Parent 17 0 R /Type /Page /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] 82 0 obj The New Right refers to a set of ideas that emerged in the 1970s. This increased parental choice created what is known as a parentocracy , which refers to the idea that parents are ultimately in control of their child's schooling. Hi Karl, thanks for this really useful. /Type /Page /TT0 120 0 R << /Contents 224 0 R /Parent 10 0 R << >> /Resources << >> >> /ExtGState << /StructParents 32 >> << /Rotate 0 The 1988 Conservative Education Reform Act established the National Curriculum, the main advantage as cited in Haralambos & Holborn, (2000), was that it set a consistent standard across the country, in an attempt to promote equality. xref >> >> /Font << /Font << /Contents 297 0 R /Type /Catalog GCSEs and SATs were also introduced as part of the National Curriculum. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> /Resources << /Font << /GS0 125 0 R endobj /StructParents 78 /MC0 129 0 R 71 0 obj 0000009252 00000 n /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Resources << The benefits of inclusion are many. /Resources << /StructParents 37 >> endobj /Rotate 0 However, no matter the intention, there are disadvantages of inclusive education as well. >> /TT1 121 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /MC0 129 0 R endobj /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] << >> /Parent 15 0 R /GS0 125 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] << >> They are academies . >> << >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> >> endobj >> << /Type /Page /GS0 125 0 R 63 0 obj The tables are published in many newspapers and online. /StructParents 8 Get Revising is one of the trading names of The Student Room Group Ltd. Register Number: 04666380 (England and Wales), VAT No. /Properties << /Resources << /Rotate 0 /Rotate 0 The 1988 reform act led to league tables and the schools market plus back-door selection and even corruption, School market supporters argue the case for the defence. /TT0 120 0 R /StructParents 79 /Contents 192 0 R /Rotate 0 /Type /Page >> 0000001632 00000 n /Font << /ExtGState << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] This thesis reports on research that explored the impact of the Education Reform Act (ERA) (1988) on the provision of Physical Education (PE) and sport in state schools within one Local Education Authority (LEA) in England. A number of education policies and reforms, especially those brought in as part of the 1988 Educational Reform Act, looked to create a market in state education. /Type /Page /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /StructParents 74 /Resources << endobj /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /GS0 125 0 R endobj /Contents 270 0 R /Font << /Rotate 0 /TT0 120 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab. A science class at Lilian Baylis school, which is rated outstanding. Intake and its social class still influences how some parents make their choices and these subtle forces influence selection.. << >> The national curriculum required that all schools teach the same subject content from the age of 7-16. as comprehensive schools have such large intakes, it makes discipline more challenging in addition the anonymity students feel in such large schools makes it . << /MC0 129 0 R >> >> << /MC0 129 0 R << The League Tables give no indication of the wider social good a school is doing beyond getting students results. endobj /MC0 129 0 R % >> Thirty years on we may be ready for another all-encompassing Education Reform Act. /StructParents 1 endobj << << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Properties << << /Contents 305 0 R /Resources << /MC0 129 0 R /TT1 226 0 R 86 0 obj /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Author (Tuomo Ruotanen) /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Parent 11 0 R /Type /Page /TT1 121 0 R /Font << endobj /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Resources << /Font << >> endobj >> The chains have over-expanded and it often becomes more about the preservation of the trust than about the pupils. /StructParents 3 >> /Contents 275 0 R /Type /Page /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /TT0 120 0 R /Properties << /Type /Page >> /GS0 125 0 R >> 87 0 obj /Pages 2 0 R hen Gary Phillips started his career as a young teacher, the education world was a radically different place. /Rotate 0 endobj >> /ExtGState << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /GS0 125 0 R /Parent 9 0 R endobj Also, faith schools were allowed to select on the basis of faith. The Office for Standards in Education (Ofsted) was formed under the Education (Schools) Act 1992, as part of the major overhaul and centralisation of the school system begun by the Education Reform Act 1988, which introduced the National Curriculum, extensive testing in schools and the publication of league tables. More lands have been brought to government possession for distribution to landless farmers. /Resources << /MC0 129 0 R >> >> One advantage of standardized testing is that the results of such tests are empirically useful in terms of a large scale. /GS0 125 0 R /TT0 120 0 R 75 0 obj << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Properties << >> /TT1 226 0 R >> 0000005213 00000 n In general the schools with more middle class students have better results. /TT0 120 0 R /ExtGState << /Contents 293 0 R /Rotate 0 endobj >> /TT1 226 0 R /Contents 259 0 R /Parent 12 0 R endobj NAFTA has six main advantages, according to a Congressional Research Service report prepared in 2017. /Font << 48 0 obj Educational Policy- 1988 Education Reform Act. /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Font << /Type /Pages 0000019248 00000 n /GS0 125 0 R /Properties << >> endobj /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Properties << >> >> 32 0 obj /Font << << /Type /Page /Parent 9 0 R Parent choice and competition had barely registered on the national consciousness. /StructParents 49 >> /MC0 129 0 R Theres also the fact that no successive government has actually changed the fundamental foundations of the act, which suggests its working. endobj /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /TT0 120 0 R /Length 963 /Metadata 6 0 R /Font << /TT2 226 0 R Source: DAR Studies find that benefits such as improved . >> /TT0 120 0 R << 4 0 obj >> /GS0 125 0 R /Contents 253 0 R /GS0 125 0 R . >> /Type /Pages /TT0 120 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Properties << /Contents 304 0 R 16 0 obj /Parent 17 0 R /Parent 2 0 R /TT1 121 0 R >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] 73 0 obj /Font << /ExtGState << /StructParents 67 /GS0 125 0 R << 64 0 obj >> 152 0 R 153 0 R 154 0 R 155 0 R 156 0 R 157 0 R] The following overview of the evolution of ESEA and federal standards-based education reform policy is presented to contextualize ESSA and help inform how states respond to the new law. 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advantages and disadvantages of the 1988 education reform act