4. IV, 26, 2; col. 1O53, Harvey 2, 236, necnon IV, 33, 8; col. 1077; Harvey 2, 262. Encycl. (163), The canonical mission of bishops can come about by legitimate customs that have not been revoked by the supreme and universal authority of the Church, or by laws made or recognized be that the authority, or directly through the successor of Peter himself; and if the latter refuses or denies apostolic communion, such bishops cannot assume any office.(38*). Vat. Through her faith and obedience she gave birth on earth to the very Son of the Father, not through the knowledge of man but by the overshadowing of the Holy Spirit, in the manner of a new Eve who placed her faith, not in the serpent of old but in God's messenger without waivering in doubt. Chalcedonense, ib. The laity are gathered together in the People of God and make up the Body of Christ under one head. Lumen Gentium 16 Posted on 28 August 2006 by catholicsensibility Non-Christians get a look by the council bishops, starting with Judaism: Finally, those who have not yet received the Gospel are related in various ways to the people of God. Apost. In the latter instance, without the action of the head, the bishops are not able to act as a College: this is clear from the concept of "College." 6 de Alexandria et Antiochia, et can. 3 in dorm. Furthermore, married couples and Christian parents should follow their own proper path (to holiness) by faithful love. 1826 (3059). Ferr.-Flor. 7: Denz. Rather has it pleased Him to bring men together as one people, a people which acknowledges Him in truth and serves Him in holiness. 6, 1: PG 13, 239. 66. 1, I, i, p. 22. (13*) It is supremely fitting, therefore, that we love those friends and coheirs of Jesus Christ, who are also our brothers and extraordinary benefactors, that we render due thanks to God for them (14*) and "suppliantly invoke them and have recourse to their prayers, their power and help in obtaining benefits from God through His Son, Jesus Christ, who is our Redeemer and Saviour. 13: . Just as Christ carried out the work of redemption in poverty and persecution, so the Church is called to follow the same route that it might communicate the fruits of salvation to men. (209) Clearly then a great promise and a great trust is committed to the disciples: "All things are yours, and you are Christ's, and Christ is God's".(210). (desumpta ex.S. (10) Cfr. Caritatis studium, 25 iul. 3: col. 361. Encycl. (42*) And therefore his definitions, of themselves, and not from the consent of the Church, are justly styled irreformable, since they are pronounced with the assistance of the Holy Spirit, promised to him in blessed Peter, and therefore they need no approval of others, nor do they allow an appeal to any other judgment. S.Ignatius M. Trall. Priests, prudent cooperators with the Episcopal order,(72*) its aid and instrument, called to serve the people of God, constitute one priesthood (73*) with their bishop although bound by a diversity of duties. Lumen Gentium begins with the Church as mystery (rather than the Church's hierarchical structures and government as did the documents of Vatican Council I) that is, the "paradoxical union of the human and divine." The Church exists in the here and now, yet has a goal "beyond history" when God will be all in all (1 Cor. All priests, and especially those who are called "diocesan priests," due to the special title of their ordination, should keep continually before their minds the fact that their faithful loyalty toward and their generous cooperation with their bishop is of the greatest value in their growth in holiness. Gelasius I, Decretalis De libris recipiendis, 3: PL 59, 160, Denz. The Head of this Body is Christ. Annus sacer, 1. c., p. 28. (2) Cfr. (110) The entire body of the faithful, anointed as they are by the Holy One,(111) cannot err in matters of belief. Answers to the Most Common Objections Against Sedevacantism The Holy See Lumen Gentium, Dogmatic Constitution On the Church, 1964. S. Ignatius M. Philad. (39*) For bishops are preachers of the faith, who lead new disciples to Christ, and they are authentic teachers, that is, teachers endowed with the authority of Christ, who preach to the people committed to them the faith they must believe and put into practice, and by the light of the Holy Spirit illustrate that faith. 1896; AAS 28 (1895-96) pp. I, Const. (284) Likewise she is the Virgin who shall conceive and bear a son, whose name will be called Emmanuel. Cf. Encycl. The faithful, therefore, must learn the deepest meaning and the value of all creation, as well as its role in the harmonious praise of God. Hom. The bishops are owed this respect because of their pastoral authority in their own churches and because of the need of unity and harmony in the apostolate.(8*). (64), From Him "the whole body, supplied and built up by joints and ligaments, attains a growth that is of God". They should sustain one another in grace throughout the entire length of their lives. It seeks and experiences those things which are above, where Christ is seated at the right-hand of God, where the life of the Church is hidden with Christ in God until it appears in glory with its Spouse.(49). Not only, then, is the people of God made up of different peoples but in its inner structure also it is composed of various ranks. 1683 (2879). Satis cognitum, 29 iun. The Church's role in all of this is first and foremost to be the gateway through which every person and all of human society receives life in Christ. 18, 1-2, ad Conc. (218) The followers of Christ are called by God, not because of their works, but according to His own purpose and grace. 78, 18: PG 42, 728 CD; 729 AB. Hence the Church, in her apostolic work also, justly looks to her, who, conceived of the Holy Spirit, brought forth Christ, who was born of the Virgin that through the Church He may be born and may increase in the hearts of the faithful also. Haer. 16: PL 120, 561 C. Cfr. These pastors, chosen to shepherd the Lord's flock of the elect, are servants of Christ and stewards of the mysteries of God,(151) to whom has been assigned the bearing of witness to the Gospel of the grace of God,(152) and the ministration of the Spirit and of justice in glory.(153). A question has arisen regarding the precise theological note which should be attached to the doctrine that is set forth in the Schema de Ecclesia and is being put to a vote. This is so even at the very beginning, when at the marriage feast of Cana, moved with pity, she brought about by her intercession the beginning of miracles of Jesus the Messiah. 960 (1768); Conc. 6: PL 40, 399. The Church in this is mindful that she must bring together the nations for that king to whom they were given as an inheritance,(121) and to whose city they bring gifts and offerings. 5, ad 1. The Church recognizes that in many ways she is linked with those who, being baptized, are honored with the name of Christian, though they do not profess the faith in its entirety or do not preserve unity of communion with the successor of Peter. Provida Mater, 2 Febr. For the members of the people of God are called to share these goods in common, and of each of the Churches the words of the Apostle hold good: "According to the gift that each has received, administer it to one another as good stewards of the manifold grace of God".(123). In this kingdom creation itself will be delivered from its slavery to corruption into the freedom of the glory of the sons of God. tantum. (53) S. Thomas, Summa Theol. CSEL (Hartcl), III B p. 720. S. Pius X, Exhort. Alloc. The counsels are a divine gift, which the Church received from its Lord and which it always safeguards with the help of His grace. Encycl. What specifically characterizes the laity is their secular nature. S. Cyprianus, Epist. III, 3, 1; PG 7, 848 A; Harvey 2, 8; Sagnard, p. 100 s.: manifestatam. 14, 27: PL 44, 980. (23*) Following the study of Sacred Scripture, the Holy Fathers, the doctors and liturgy of the Church, and under the guidance of the Church's magisterium, let them rightly illustrate the duties and privileges of the Blessed Virgin which always look to Christ, the source of all truth, sanctity and piety. Nat., 1: col. 812 A. Hom. III, q. 184, a. Pius XII, Adhort. Hebr. (69) Cfr. 40. This is another way to underscore the central importance of the. (6) Cfr. http://riceschool.orgThis video gives a brief overview of this document from Vatican II. Indeed they have an obligation to so strive. also Modus 53, c. For the same reason, the words "Ordo" or "Corpus" are used throughout with reference to the College of bishops. 1:10; Col. 1:20; 2 Pt.3:10-13. (6) Cfr. The Lumen Gentium says the Church is hierarchical. 1:12. (101) The baptized, by regeneration and the anointing of the Holy Spirit, are consecrated as a spiritual house and a holy priesthood, in order that through all those works which are those of the Christian man they may offer spiritual sacrifices and proclaim the power of Him who has called them out of darkness into His marvelous light. Vatican Council II. But for this power to be fully ready to act, there must be a further canonical or juridical determination through the hierarchical authority. Ps. Christi. In the human nature united to Himself the Son of God, by overcoming death through His own death and resurrection, redeemed man and re-molded him into a new creation. S. Thomas, Summa Theol. 3 Via baptism all share in the priestly, prophetic and kingly ministry of Jesus (Lumen Gentium #'s 10-11, 31, and 34 and Christifideles Laici #'s 9, 13, 14, 23, and 29) This tri-fold dignity of Baptism informs both the laity's ad extra mission/apostolate of evangelization and social justice in the world as well as their role/share in the ad intra I, ib. It also clarified the Church's mission as the universal . (17) Cfr. The major Marian teaching of Vatican II, Lumen Gentium, chapter 8 does not stand alone.It has to be studied in terms of the counciliar action and documents that preceded and followed it. (254) Since however we know not the day nor the hour, on Our Lord's advice we must be constantly vigilant so that, having finished the course of our earthly life,(255) we may merit to enter into the marriage feast with Him and to be numbered among the blessed(256) and that we may not be ordered to go into eternal fire(257) like the wicked and slothful servant,(258) into the exterior darkness where "there will be the weeping and the gnashing of teeth". The full document is available on the internet. Encycl. They manifest this special property by means of the whole peoples' supernatural discernment in matters of faith when "from the Bishops down to the last of the lay faithful" (8*) they show universal agreement in matters of faith and morals. (42) It is described as the spotless spouse of the spotless Lamb,(43) whom Christ "loved and for whom He delivered Himself up that He might sanctify her",(44) whom He unites to Himself by an unbreakable covenant, and whom He unceasingly "nourishes and cherishes",(45) and whom, once purified, He willed to be cleansed and joined to Himself, subject to Him in love and fidelity,(46) and whom, finally, He filled with heavenly gifts for all eternity, in order that we may know the love of God and of Christ for us, a love which surpasses all knowledge. Funk, I, pp. Hence the Commission, almost unanimously, decided that this wording should be used: "in hierarchical communion." Provida Mater, 1. c., p. 1145. (107) Those of the faithful who are consecrated by Holy Orders are appointed to feed the Church in Christ's name with the word and the grace of God. Summary - Lumen Gentium as an Ecumenical document. Upon all the laity, therefore, rests the noble duty of working to extend the divine plan of salvation to all men of each epoch and in every land. XV, 21 ct 24: ed. 163 Cf Acts 1:17, 25; 21:19; Rom. vitae spir., c. 18. For from Him the whole body, being closely joined and knit together through every joint of the system, according to the functioning in due measure of each single part, derives its increase to the building up of itself in love".(190). For the discharging of such great duties, the apostles were enriched by Christ with a special outpouring of the Holy Spirit coming upon them,(154) and they passed on this spiritual gift to their helpers by the imposition of hands,(155) and it has been transmitted down to us in Episcopal consecration. 1, 6-7, ut demonstret Ordinem esse verum sacramentum: Denz. Leo XIII, Epist. 23, cap. 2, 1: PG 39 49 s. S. Thomas, In Col. 1, 18 cet. A great many wonderful things are to be hoped for from this familiar dialogue between the laity and their spiritual leaders: in the laity a strengthened sense of personal responsibility; a renewed enthusiasm; a more ready application of their talents to the projects of their spiritual leaders. (40) John contemplates this holy city coming down from heaven at the renewal of the world as a bride made ready and adorned for her husband. AAS 22 (1930) p. 548 s. Cfr. Cfr. Sixteen major documents were produced: two dogmatic and pastoral constitutions, nine decrees and three declarations. Apost. They direct the conferring of baptism, by which a sharing in the kingly priesthood of Christ is granted. (56) Also, in the building up of Christ's Body various members and functions have their part to play. 1, 24, Lc. 48, 2: Hartel, III, 2, p. 610. She herself is a virgin, who keeps the faith given to her by her Spouse whole and entire. 984-988 (1821-1824); Sess. Pius XII, Alloc. It was passed by 2,151 votes to 5 of present bishops. 1; Denz. (12) Cfr. Can. Iconocl. S. Irenaeus, Adv. (1*) In the present era of time the Church was constituted and, by the outpouring of the Spirit, was made manifest. : PL 16, 320. 5, 1: ed. Chapter 1: The Roles of Bishops in Lumen Gentium; pp. All men are called to be part of this catholic unity of the people of God which in promoting universal peace presages it. Pall1us VI, Homelia in Bas, Vaticana, 20 oct. 1963: AAS 55 (1963) p. 1014. The Drafting of 'Lumen Gentium'. Pius XII, Alloc. At a lower level of the hierarchy are deacons, upon whom hands are imposed "not unto the priesthood, but unto a ministry of service. Conc. 1, 26: PL 23, 247 A. S. Augustinus, In Ps. (10) Cfr. But the Lord wishes to spread His kingdom also by means of the laity, namely, a kingdom of truth and life, a kingdom of holiness and grace, a kingdom of justice, love and peace (4*). Fulgens corona, 8 sept. 1953: AAS 45 (1953) pp. Vat. (17*), Our union with the Church in heaven is put into effect in its noblest manner especially in the sacred Liturgy, wherein the power of the Holy Spirit acts upon us through sacramental signs. In order that the faithful may reach this perfection, they must use their strength accordingly as they have received it, as a gift from Christ. S. Hilarius Pict., In Ps. (162) And that duty, which the Lord committed to the shepherds of His people, is a true service, which in sacred literature is significantly called "diakonia" or ministry. Seeking after the glory of Christ, the Church becomes more like her exalted Type, and continually progresses in faith, hope and charity, seeking and doing the will of God in all things. The Sacred Scriptures of both the Old and the New Testament, as well as ancient Tradition show the role of the Mother of the Saviour in the economy of salvation in an ever clearer light and draw attention to it. Conc. Full membership in the Church involves those who live under the visible representative of Christ. S. Io. They must follow in His footsteps and conform themselves to His image seeking the will of the Father in all things. Finally, those who have not yet received the Gospel are related in various ways to the people of God. etc. Encycl. Finally all Christ's faithful, whatever be the conditions, duties and circumstances of their livesand indeed through all these, will daily increase in holiness, if they receive all things with faith from the hand of their heavenly Father and if they cooperate with the divine will. - S. Pius X, Litt. (29*) This same collegiate power can be exercised together with the pope by the bishops living in all parts of the world, provided that the head of the college calls them to collegiate action, or at least approves of or freely accepts the united action of the scattered bishops, so that it is thereby made a collegiate act. 4, 6 s. coll. But, rather, the faithful of Christ are called by God from both these states of life so that they might enjoy this particular gift in the life of the Church and thus each in one's own way, may be of some advantage to the salvific mission of the Church.(3*). By their very office of praying and offering sacrifice for their own people and the entire people of God, they should rise to greater holiness. (40*) This is even more clearly verified when, gathered together in an ecumenical council, they are teachers and judges of faith and morals for the universal Church, whose definitions must be adhered to with the submission of faith. (58) Giving the body unity through Himself and through His power and inner joining of the members, this same Spirit produces and urges love among the believers. Mediator Dei 20 nov. 1947: AAS 39 (1947), paesertim p. 552 s. (7) I Cor. M., Philad., Praef. Beda, In Lc. 184, a. 23:1 ff; Num. Origenes, Comm. 10: PL 2, 925 C. S. Cyprianus, Hab. (7) Cfr. (139) He sent them first to the children of Israel and then to all nations,(140) so that as sharers in His power they might make all peoples His disciples, and sanctify and govern them,(141) and thus spread His Church, and by ministering to it under the guidance of the Lord, direct it all days even to the consummation of the world. 13, 12: PL 35 1499. 68. But the college or body of bishops has no authority unless it is understood together with the Roman Pontiff, the successor of Peter as its head. 1821 (3050 s.). Leo XIII, Epist. Ad coeli Reginam, 11 Oct. 1954: AAS 46 (1954), pp. Pius IX, Epist. In this singular way she cooperated by her obedience, faith, hope and burning charity in the work of the Saviour in giving back supernatural life to souls. 22: Denz. The faithful of Christ bind themselves to the three aforesaid counsels either by vows, or by other sacred bonds, which are like vows in their purpose. S. Io. ; S. Iustinus, Apol., 1, 6S G 6, 428; S. Cyprianus, Epist. 27-30, Episcopo tribuitur primatus sacerdotii. 1943: AAS 35 (1943) p. 225. The documents of recent Pontiffs regarding the jurisdiction of bishops must be interpreted in terms of this necessary determination of powers. 1, 35; Mc. Id., Epist. (4) Cfr. (1) Credo in Missa Romana: Symbolum Constantinopolitanum: Mansi 3, 566. (37) De iuribus Sedium patriarchalium, cfr. S. Irenaeus, Adv. I, Const.Dogm. On the contrary it fosters and takes to itself, insofar as they are good, the ability, riches and customs in which the genius of each people expresses itself. All men are called to this union with Christ, who is the light of the world, from whom we go forth, through whom we live, and toward whom our whole life strains. "(23*) On the other hand, let them teach the faithful that our communion with those in heaven, provided that it is understood in the fuller light of faith according to its genuine nature, in no way weakens, but conversely, more thoroughly enriches the latreutic worship we give to God the Father, through Christ, in the Spirit. Though they differ from one another in essence and not only in degree, the common priesthood of the faithful and the ministerial or hierarchical priesthood are nonetheless interrelated: each of them in its own special way is a participation in the one priesthood of Christ. - S. Germanus Constantinop., In annunt. DN THIN CHA; . 2:20. Innocentius I, 1. c. S. Gregorius Naz., Apol. (8) S. Epiphanius, Nacr. Through their baptism and confirmation all are commissioned to that apostolate by the Lord Himself. For all the salvific influence of the Blessed Virgin on men originates, not from some inner necessity, but from the divine pleasure. (288) This union is manifest also at the birth of Our Lord, who did not diminish His mother's virginal integrity but sanctified it,(10*) when the Mother of God joyfully showed her firstborn Son to the shepherds and Magi. (32*) For this reason the individual bishops represent each his own church, but all of them together and with the Pope represent the entire Church in the bond of peace, love and unity. The pope promulgated the document on November 21, 1964, during the third year of the council. For from the tradition, which is expressed especially in liturgical rites and in the practice of both the Church of the East and of the West, it is clear that, by means of the imposition of hands and the words of consecration, the grace of the Holy Spirit is so conferred,(20*) and the sacred character so impressed,(21*) that bishops in an eminent and visible way sustain the roles of Christ Himself as Teacher, Shepherd and High Priest, and that they act in His person. Officii ad Archiep. 28:16-20; Mk. Hence, one is constituted a member of the Episcopal body in virtue of sacramental consecration and hierarchical communion with the head and members of the body. Act 6, 2-6; 11, 30; 13, 1, 14, 23; 20, 17; 1 Thess. A bishop marked with the fullness of the sacrament of Orders, is "the steward of the grace of the supreme priesthood," (48*) especially in the Eucharist, which he offers or causes to be offered,(49*) and by which the Church continually lives and grows. Hin Ch Tn L V Gio Hi - Lumen Gentium - 21/11/1964. Annus sacer, 8 dec. 1950: AAS 43(1951) p. 28 8. Trid., l. c., Denz. (12) The Spirit dwells in the Church and in the hearts of the faithful, as in a temple. 1950: AAS 42 (1950) p. 256. Therefore the promised restoration which we are awaiting has already begun in Christ, is carried forward in the mission of the Holy Spirit and through Him continues in the Church in which we learn the meaning of our terrestrial life through our faith, while we perform with hope in the future the work committed to us in this world by the Father, and thus work out our salvation. Godefridus a S. Victore. 1641 (2803). II-II, q. Acts 4:11; 1 Pt. 21:24. THE MYSTERY OF THE CHURCH. These questions are left to theologians to discussspecifically the question of the power exercised de facto among the separated Eastern Churches, about which there are various explanations.". : Denz. S. Irenaeus, Adv. Funk, 1, p. 282. (128) Those also can attain to salvation who through no fault of their own do not know the Gospel of Christ or His Church, yet sincerely seek God and moved by grace strive by their deeds to do His will as it is known to them through the dictates of conscience. 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