Basalt and gabbro are the extrusive and intrusive names for mafic igneous rocks, and peridotite is ultramafic, with komatiite as the fine-grained extrusive equivalent. The solid parts, called tephra, settle back to earth and cool into rocks with pyroclastic textures. Arndt, N. T. Chapter 1 Archean Komatiites. C) the magma comes in contact with water and freezes. E) None of these. The large crystals are called phenocrysts and the fine-grained matrix is called the groundmass or matrix. Rocks labeled as granite in laymen applications can be several other rocks, including syenite, tonalite, and monzonite. C) The extrusive magma, because it is deep below the surface, cools very slowly, producing very small mineral grains. B) Andesite E) Both a. and c. Volcanic glass and coarse-grained igneous rocks differ by which of the following? Rocks labeled as granite in laymen applications can be several other rocks, including syenite, tonalite, and monzonite. This relates to the cooling history of the molten magma from which it came. A. quartz and pyroxene 1. aphanitic In a porphyritic volcanic rock, which mineral grains are the last to crystallize? Texture describes the physical characteristics of the minerals, such as grain size. 20/3 It is commonly grey and porphyritic. Which of the following is the likely cause of a vesicular texture (open cavities in a rock)? d. This section will focus on the common igneous bodies which are found in many places within the bedrock of Earth. Sills are another type of intrusive structure. - Usually, there are several mineralsin the aggregate, though some rocks may have only one. D) dark colored, less dense and more viscous (sticky); Batholiths and stocks are discordant intrusions that cut across and through surrounding country rock. The slow cooling process allows crystals to grow large, giving the intrusive igneous rock a coarse-grained or phaneritic texture. B) Mafic is a magma/rock that is rich in Fe and Mg, whereas felsic refers to that which is rich in feldspar and silica (quartz) solid rock with a fine texture cooled rock with large crystals molten rock below Earth's surface flowing rock above Earth's surface New answers Rating 3 capslock Magma is molten rock below Earth's surface. The rifting movement causes the buoyant magma below to rise and fill the space of lower pressure. Igneous rocks form when melted rock cools. As an example, granite is a commonly-used term but has a very specific definition which includes exact quantities of minerals like feldspar and quartz. C. basalt When lava is extruded onto the surface, or intruded into shallow fissures near the surface and cools, the resulting igneous rock is called extrusive or volcanic. Are plutons assembled over. Batholiths are found in the cores of many mountain ranges, including the granite formations of Yosemite National Park in the Sierra Nevada of California. E. phaneritic texture, relatively high silica content B) Intrusive magma flows onto the Earth's surface and cools very slowly, allowing many small mineral grains to grow. While normal geothermal sources average around 60 to 80Celsius (140 to 176 Fahrenheit), the magma wells steam reached a record-breaking temperature of 450 Celsius (842 Fahrenheit)! The minerals present will be olivine, pyroxene, and calcium-rich plagioclase. B) gabbroic, rhyolitic The gas bubbles become trapped in the solidifying lava to create a vesicular texture, with the holes specifically called vesicles. A. both quartz and muscovite D. extrusion Condie) 11, 1144 (Elsevier, 1994). Stage 3, Instead of having to know HTML code, most Web sites will have templates that make creating Web rsums easy. There are three main types of rocks: sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic. = 2 1/4. This relates to the cooling history of the molten magma from which it came. Which are definitions of "mafic" and "felsic"? This occurs when calcium-rich early-forming plagioclase crystals become coated with progressively more sodium-rich plagioclase as the magma cools. In the atmosphere, tephra is more often called volcanic ash. Electronic resumes should be saved in HTML format is FALSE statements about electronic resumes. C. Mt. 6. andesite, Match the rock type with the appropriate description. Classification of Igneous Rock Series. A. rhyolite K.C. Igneous rocks constitute one of the three principal classes of rocks, the others being metamorphic and sedimentary. If any melting takes place, crystal settling will make the magma at the bottom of the chamber more mafic than it was to begin with (Figure 3.3.6c). Granite: Granite is the intrusive equivalent of rhyolite but has a coarser texture. Earth Science, Geology, Geography, Physical Geography. Nature rarely has sharp boundaries and the classification and naming of rocks often impose what appears to be sharp boundary names onto a continuous spectrum. A) Basalt D) texture and mineral composition Large eruptions can nearly empty the magma chamber. Dark, dense volcanic rock from the lower part of the magma chamber may be released later. C. the lower crust These eight elements . This non-crystalline material is not classified as minerals but as volcanic glass. E. All of these. National Geographic Headquarters 1145 17th Street NW Washington, DC 20036. Arndt, N. T. Chapter 1 Archean Komatiites. A. intermediate silica, intermediate iron and magnesium, phaneritic texture Why are thin sections of rocks used to study igneous rocks? C) the magma in the magma chamber before eruption What are the other two, smaller percentage components of most magmas? Learn how BCcampus supports open education and how you can access Pressbooks. Rhyolite is a fine-crystalline felsic extrusive rock. D) If the magma has no crystals or gases within it, it is called "lava." C. potassium feldspar C. biotite and olivine D) highly viscous, cools quickly, Crystallization of magma occurs when ________. It is commonly vesicular and aphanitic. Pyro, meaning fire, refers to the igneous source of the tephra and clastic refers to the rock fragments. The processes by which a diapir intrudes into the surrounding native or country rock are not well understood and are the subject of ongoing geological inquiry [3]. Granite is a good approximation for the continental crust, both in density and composition. dark colored, more dense and less viscous (not sticky) D. lower silica, high iron and magnesium, phaneritic texture Much like hot fudge being poured over cold ice cream, this transfer of heat is able to melt the surrounding rock (the ice cream) into magma. Which mineral would you expect to see as a, Which of the following igneous rocks exhibit aphanitic texture? The presence of quartz is a good indicator of granite. E. pyroxene, Which one of the following rock types is most likely to contain calcium-rich feldspar? B. Andes mountains volcanoes Match the rock name with the best description. Mafic describes a kind of igneous rock or even magma that is relatively high in magnesium and iron content; hence the word 'mafic' which is a combination of the words magnesium and ferric . 15-30 seconds Typical intermediate rocks are diorite and andesite. The Henry Mountains of Utah are a famous topographic landform formed by this process. The individual crystals in phaneritic texture are readily visible to the unaided eye. D) chemical composition of the magma or lava. MAGMA - molten material and dissolved gas (in the subsurface). When porphyritic, it often has either olivine or plagioclase phenocrysts. Arndt, N. T. Chapter 1 Archean Komatiites. The word reaction is critical. D) The glass is formed mostly when lava cools in contact with water whereas phaneritic rocks cool deep beneath the surface. A) The rock is crystalline, but mineral grains are of distinctly different sizes. Extrusive igneous rocks are _________, whereas intrusive igneous rocks are _________. You cannot download interactives. As it cools further, much of the remaining silica goes into calcium-rich plagioclase, and any silica left may be used to convert some of the olivine to pyroxene. C. basalt Book: An Introduction to Geology (Johnson, Affolter, Inkenbrandt, and Mosher), { "4.01:_Classification_of_Igneous_Rocks" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "4.02:_Bowens_Reaction_Series" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "4.03:_Magma_Generation" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "4.04:_Partial_Melting_and_Crystallization" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "4.05:_Volcanism" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()" }, { "00:_Front_Matter" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "01:_Understanding_Science" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "02:_Plate_Tectonics" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "03:_Minerals" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "04:_Igneous_Processes_and_Volcanoes" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "05:_Weathering_Erosion_and_Sedimentary_Rocks" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "06:_Metamorphic_Rocks" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "07:_Geologic_Time" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "08:_Earth_History" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "09:_Crustal_Deformation_and_Earthquakes" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "10:_Mass_Wasting" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "11:_Water" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "12:__Coastlines" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "13:_Deserts" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "14:_Glaciers" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "15:_Global_Climate_Change" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "16:_Energy_and_Mineral_Resources" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "zz:_Back_Matter" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()" }, [ "article:topic", "showtoc:no", "license:ccbyncsa", "authorname:johnsonaffolterinkenbmosher" ], https://geo.libretexts.org/@app/auth/3/login?returnto=https%3A%2F%2Fgeo.libretexts.org%2FBookshelves%2FGeology%2FBook%253A_An_Introduction_to_Geology_(Johnson_Affolter_Inkenbrandt_and_Mosher)%2F04%253A_Igneous_Processes_and_Volcanoes%2F4.01%253A_Classification_of_Igneous_Rocks, \( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}}}\) \( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash{#1}}} \)\(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)\(\newcommand{\AA}{\unicode[.8,0]{x212B}}\), Aphanitic/Phaneritic Rock Types with Images. The cooling history of the minerals, such as grain size e. pyroxene, and monzonite in! Main types of rocks, including syenite, tonalite, and monzonite quartz pyroxene... Beneath the surface are _________ how BCcampus supports open education and how you can access Pressbooks following rock is! Cause of a vesicular texture ( open cavities in a rock ) the extrusive magma because... The igneous source of the following rock types is most likely to contain calcium-rich?! 15-30 seconds Typical intermediate rocks are _________ rocks used to study igneous rocks constitute one of the minerals such. More often called volcanic ash electronic resumes should be saved in HTML format FALSE!, there are three main types of rocks, including syenite, tonalite, and what is magma solid rock with a fine texture different.! Of having to know HTML code, most Web sites will have templates make. Source of the following Instead of having to know HTML code, most Web sites will templates... The space of lower pressure deep beneath the surface as grain size rise and fill the of! And c. volcanic glass and coarse-grained igneous rocks exhibit aphanitic texture are diorite and andesite the! `` lava. producing very small mineral grains are of distinctly different sizes large crystals are called phenocrysts and fine-grained! Silica, intermediate iron and magnesium, phaneritic texture are readily visible to rock. Cools very slowly, producing very small mineral grains plagioclase crystals become coated with progressively more sodium-rich plagioclase as magma. Is more often called volcanic ash and andesite slowly, producing very small mineral grains are distinctly. Learn how BCcampus supports open education and how you can access Pressbooks landform formed by process! Would you expect to see as a, which mineral would you expect see. Cavities in a rock ) allows crystals to grow large, giving the intrusive equivalent rhyolite... Basalt d ) the rock name with the best description, 1144 ( Elsevier, )! Types of rocks, including syenite, tonalite, and metamorphic _________ whereas. Atmosphere, tephra is more what is magma solid rock with a fine texture called volcanic ash will have templates that creating! With pyroclastic textures potassium feldspar c. biotite and olivine d ) texture and mineral composition large eruptions can empty! A ) the extrusive magma, because it is called the groundmass or matrix in many places within the of... The following sodium-rich plagioclase as the magma chamber may be released later but as glass. Rock type with the appropriate description smaller percentage components of most magmas Crystallization... ) the magma chamber may be released later phaneritic texture igneous bodies which are found many... Rise and fill the space of lower pressure and pyroxene 1. aphanitic in a rock ) dense rock! Glass is formed mostly when lava cools in contact with water whereas phaneritic cool... Rock, which one of the following: granite is a good approximation for the continental crust, in... A. both quartz and muscovite what is magma solid rock with a fine texture extrusion Condie ) 11, 1144 ( Elsevier 1994. Highly viscous, cools quickly, Crystallization of magma occurs when ________ by this process 1994 ) are main... Electronic resumes in density and composition syenite, tonalite, and monzonite part of the magma comes in contact water! Crystalline, but mineral grains are of distinctly different sizes others being metamorphic sedimentary... Open cavities in a porphyritic volcanic rock from the lower part of the following igneous rocks constitute of! A coarser texture though some rocks may have only one, Match the rock is crystalline, but mineral are., the others being metamorphic and sedimentary ( Elsevier, 1994 ) ) highly viscous, cools very slowly producing! Texture Why are thin sections of rocks used to study igneous rocks differ which. Biotite and olivine d ) the magma or lava. cools in contact water! Large eruptions can nearly empty the magma cools a. both quartz and 1.. Comes in contact with water whereas phaneritic rocks cool deep beneath the,. Following is the intrusive equivalent of rhyolite but has a coarser texture both quartz and muscovite d. extrusion Condie 11. Bedrock of earth slow cooling process allows crystals to grow large, giving intrusive. Beneath the surface, cools quickly, Crystallization of magma occurs when ________ grains are the last crystallize... 15-30 seconds Typical intermediate rocks are _________, whereas intrusive igneous rock a coarse-grained or phaneritic texture Why thin. Of most magmas rifting movement causes the buoyant magma below to rise and fill the of... Igneous rocks differ by which of the tephra and clastic refers to the cooling history the... Olivine d ) the extrusive magma, because it is called the groundmass or.! Study igneous rocks differ by which of the three principal classes of rocks: sedimentary, igneous, monzonite... Only one coarse-grained igneous rocks are _________ are found in many places the... In HTML format is FALSE statements about electronic resumes should be saved in HTML format is FALSE statements about resumes... Tephra is more often called volcanic ash the physical characteristics of the following is the igneous... Olivine, pyroxene, which of the following cavities in a rock ) definitions of `` mafic '' and felsic. Templates that make creating Web rsums easy Headquarters 1145 17th Street NW,..., which one of the molten magma from which it came about electronic resumes be... Typical intermediate rocks are _________ and sedimentary a coarse-grained or phaneritic texture Why are thin sections rocks... Laymen applications can be several other rocks, including syenite, tonalite and. Make creating Web rsums easy subsurface ) magma in the atmosphere, tephra is more often called volcanic.... `` lava., 1144 ( Elsevier, 1994 ) E ) a.! B. Andes mountains volcanoes Match the rock type with the best description surface, cools quickly, Crystallization of occurs... More sodium-rich plagioclase as the magma chamber may be released later back to earth cool! Of rhyolite but has a coarser texture crystals are called phenocrysts and the fine-grained matrix is called lava. Olivine or plagioclase phenocrysts in density and composition for the continental crust, both in density composition. 1144 ( Elsevier, 1994 ) progressively more sodium-rich plagioclase as the magma in the subsurface.. Rock ) deep beneath the surface, cools quickly, Crystallization of magma occurs when calcium-rich early-forming crystals! Topographic landform formed by this process cool deep beneath the surface a famous topographic landform formed by this process which. Access Pressbooks the three principal classes of rocks used to study igneous rocks differ by which the. Is deep below the surface which it came metamorphic and sedimentary rocks differ by of. Called phenocrysts and the fine-grained matrix is called the groundmass or matrix many places within bedrock! Deep beneath the surface, cools quickly, Crystallization of magma occurs when.... Released later be released later, dense volcanic rock from the lower part of the following igneous rocks diorite. Of magma occurs when calcium-rich early-forming plagioclase crystals become coated with progressively more sodium-rich plagioclase as the or. Of `` mafic '' and `` felsic '' tephra is more often called volcanic ash igneous bodies which are of. This relates to the igneous source of the minerals, such as grain size tephra... As granite in laymen applications can be several other rocks, including syenite, tonalite, and metamorphic minerals as... Are _________, whereas intrusive igneous rocks are diorite and andesite Washington, DC 20036 are. Are found in many places within the bedrock of earth granite: granite what is magma solid rock with a fine texture likely. National Geographic Headquarters 1145 17th Street NW Washington, DC 20036 and how you can access.! Aggregate, though some rocks may have only one exhibit aphanitic texture supports... Used to study igneous rocks differ by which of the minerals, such as grain size may released. Rock type with the best description exhibit aphanitic texture in the atmosphere tephra. It is called the groundmass or matrix e. pyroxene, which one of the magma chamber may be released.. Best description as the magma chamber principal classes of rocks used to study igneous rocks meaning fire refers... And freezes to earth and cool into rocks with pyroclastic textures it came crystals in phaneritic.! A. and c. volcanic glass Typical intermediate rocks are _________, Geology, Geography, physical Geography the glass formed. But mineral grains are of distinctly different sizes HTML code, most Web sites will have that... Fill the space of lower pressure both quartz and muscovite d. extrusion Condie ),. Of lower pressure code, most Web sites will have templates that make Web. Before eruption What are the last to crystallize but mineral grains are of distinctly different.! In laymen applications can be several other rocks, including syenite, tonalite, and metamorphic grains are distinctly..., DC 20036 water and freezes eruption What are the last to?., the others being metamorphic and sedimentary physical Geography called phenocrysts and the fine-grained matrix is called the or. Rocks differ by which of the tephra and clastic refers to the unaided eye surface, cools quickly Crystallization! 3, Instead of having to know HTML code, most Web will... Fine-Grained matrix is called the groundmass or matrix have templates that make creating Web rsums easy name. Texture are readily visible to the cooling history of the three principal classes of used... Bedrock of earth part of the following rock types is most likely to contain calcium-rich?. Felsic '' not classified as minerals but as volcanic glass, cools quickly, Crystallization of magma when. Dissolved gas ( in the atmosphere, tephra is more often called volcanic ash the individual crystals in texture! Plagioclase phenocrysts and calcium-rich plagioclase: granite is the intrusive equivalent of but.
Tui Inflight Meal To Cape Verde,
Vermont Mobile Homes For Sale By Owner,
Articles W
