Within the cleared space, and on one side of it was a crude wooden effigy, colored vividly with some red pigment, having a cross-piece for arms, and a striking head-dress of grass and bark similar to the pattern used by the blacks when stalking kangaroos. The up-country blacks took no part In this part of the ceremony, one of them informing me that the branch breaking was never done in his part of the district at the poombit making. On being asked by what jury he would be tried, the prisoner replied by black-fellows ; but this of course the Court was not empowered to grant. The remnant of this fine old tribe is sadly degenerated by contact with the whites and strong drink; but still you may find them possessing good traits of character. Shortly there was. Descendants of the Wonnarua are encouraged to give their family details to build the tree. It focuses on nurturing the history and culture of the Wonnarua Nation, improving the health and education of its members and managing investments to sustain the Corporation's work. Two young Blacks who made a nuisance of themselves by continually begging for food at a certain accommodation house on Fosterton Road, were easily disposed of a little poison was put in their food. The Katthang word for bull roarer, Goo-nan-duk-yer, means human shit eater. Those who escaped the bullet were killed by falling over the cliffs and being smashed on the rocks below thus, was the whole tribe of blacks with one or two exceptions which inhabited this part of the district exterminated. When it is thought that they have seen this sufficiently, they are requested to turn their faces towards the ground as before. The Gringai had a great dread of thunder and believed it to be the demonstration of the anger of some supernatural being rebuking them for some impropriety. The novices are then put back in their former places, and the keerang proceed to erect their quarters, by adding to one end of the same line of forks and bushes already described. What it meant I could never discover. The belief was that the fish would eat this part of the girls finger and would ever, thereafter, be attracted to the rest of the hand from which it had come. provided seeds suitable for grinding and baking into seed cakes (McBryde 1976:65), as may the kind of oat-grass seen by Cunningham (Joumal 7/5/1823 ) in the upper Goulburn Valley. While the men procured meat from the chase, it was the particular function of the [women] to provide what represented the vegetables of the dally dietetic regimen. They will recreate to turn it into a cultural centre that will sustain and strengthen their community and they are pursuing reclamation and recreation of language, material culture, art, family and public history . The blacks had an uneering instinct for spot- ting a tree that harbored a possum. The next morning the women proceed again to the kweealbang and light a fire. No European casualties are mentioned but it said that the Aboriginals had acquired some guns which was the reason for the retreat. The Blacks also roast the roots and make them into a sort of cake, which they eat cold. At the keelaybang a camp is formed by erecting a long, continuous gunyah or mia-mia in the following manner. I do not hesitate to say that so long as the present prosperity continues we shall have no outbreaking with the blacks, for it was starvation alone that drove them to perform the cruel act they did two years ago. Most of these plants would have occurred somewhere in the Hunter Region, and probably constituted part of Aboriginal diet in those areas. FamilySearch Terms of Use (Updated 2021-09-27) | Privacy Notice (Updated 2021-04-06), 2023 by Intellectual Reserve, Inc. All rights reserved. ENRICH https://goo.gl/17pRS8. . If, on the contrary, the tribe to whom the white stone was sent consider the time inopportune, or that there are other weighty reasons for post-poning the general gathering, no white stone is returned by the messenger, and the initiator then knows that they do not approve of his proposal, and the matter lapses for the present. At the given signal the men would dash into the water until up to their mid. In deference to the very evident wish[es] that I should depart, I rode away. There were about sixteen [men] squatting or standing around; amongst them the father, mother, and several of the brothers of the deceased. All these operations are carried out as speedily as practicable, so as not to keep the women - some of whom have infants at their breasts - any longer under such rigorous concealment than is necessary. The illustration above, Broken Bay [Hawkesbury RIver]Jemmy. University of Newcastle history professor Lyndall Ryan, who has spent almost a decade cataloguing colonial frontier massacres for an online map, found evidence of a massacre further up the Hunter Valley, but not near the Ravensworth homestead. Three. The mothers and sisters of the novices generally give vent to tears and lamentations when they find the boys and all the men gone away; and such of the young girls and boys who have never been to a keeparra before, appear to have been very much scared, by the strange ordeal through which they have just passed. Get XML access to fix the meaning of your metadata. Re the name of Canningalla being called after Lord Canning. FamilySearch is an international, nonprofit organization dedicated to helping all people discover their family story. The pieces of burning bark which the sisters of the novices have been obliged to carry, as before stated, are left at the kweealbang. established a heifer station at Bakers Creek, twelve miles north-east of Gloucester, now known as Upper Ghangat. When the boys have been sufficiently smoked, their guardians take them away, and they are followed by the other men for about 100 yards. Further Notes on the Worimi By W. J. In this section, there's a wealth of information about our collections of scientific specimens and cultural objects. The shepherds were very scared as was very natural, and came to beg that I should double the flocks so that two of the men might always be together. The animal or bird representing the respective totem is of course sacred to the particular person to whom it belongs, and though he may not kill or eat it, those in other groups are free to do so. With their inimitable mimicry the deficiencies and idiosyncrasies of the others would be copied and mocked by strutting youths and old men, and even sometimes the women, their antics provoking the immoderate mirth of the whole tribe, including the very object of their humor. Hunger made the poor savage mad, but I trust that will not be his fate again. English thesaurus is mainly derived from The Integral Dictionary (TID). One of them had the spear sticking in him until extracted in my stockyard. In those days the flying-foxes were plentiful around Port Stephens there being a densely populated harborage on Cabbage Tree. The Blacks of Dungog, Port Stephens and Gresford. The Wonnarua had some idea of a Great Spirit, but what the idea was my informant does not know. The natives soon embraced the opportunity to raid the station. Some of the English has been edited to modern equivalents, for example, Jew-Lizard becomes Eastern Water Dragon. The men make a guttural noise as the novices are shown each tree, and also in going from one tree to another. Some language documentation may also record words and meanings inaccurately. After performing Divine service in the forenoon, I left Mr. White to do so in the afternoon, and set off at 2, accompanied by Captain Moffatt for Tellighary, where we arrived at little past five, and slept , there there that night. They would eat them in the manner of a Mediterranean peasant with his spaghetti; the head would be thrown back, the mouth opened to receive the end of the dainty, and then there would be sucking sounds denoting a fine gusto. Fame Cove was taboo after the sun had fallen, and no native would linger in that vicinity when the shadows began to lengthen. Their minstrelsy was to amuse, and they extracted from it the maximum of pleasure. from 1820 to 1921 by A.N. Dr McKinlay relates an interesting anecdote in this connec- tion that is worth repeating. This exhibition featured a selection of the Museums collections from the Southern Highlands, Eastern Highlands and Western Highlands, including a variety of human hair wigs, feathered headdress, judge wigs, shells woven aprons and shell forehead ornaments. Principal of these was wombie, a species of yam, the root of a slender vine that flourished In the scrubby gullies, which the [women] dug up with their wombie sticks - pieces of round hardwood, three feet long, pointed and toughened by fire. In the days of which I speak the great bats subsisted entirely on gum blossoms and what native fruits were available In the brushes. The Australian Museum respects and acknowledges the Gadigalpeople as the FirstPeoples and TraditionalCustodians ofthe land and waterways on which theMuseumstands. ?j"PeezDl(K6+iwZaA[]l-{/;AC^(!.y>lz+=-e_!N AnWq%H0R"-L-+ She then passed the crossed ends of the cords rapidly to and fro between her closed lips until the blood, drawn by the friction dropped freely into the water, discolouring it to a crimson fluid. King Micky, of Cooplacurripa, was well tattooed on the chest and on the muscles of the arms. The mia-mias of these rude aborigines were of the most primitive description, being merely a few sheets of bark placed against a convenient log, or bushes roughly planted alongside some huge forest giant. What the guardian said, the boombits (initiates) believed. Day broke and the sleeping blacks arose. Glancing about I saw a strange aboriginal walking across a cleared space and approaching the camp. When he had finished, he returned to the sky and people called him the Sky Hero or All Father or Sky Father. It would be no exaggeration to say that their aim was very accurate up to a hundred yards, and it was possible for them to throw the lance farther than this. Naturally there was someone or other among them who had a striking physical peculiarity, either an over-emphasised feature, a deformity, a trick of gait or speech common to himself. and direct savage attacks at the offender, beating him with their sticks until he was glad to fly m precipitate confusion, offering no retaliation or resistance No definite conception of an existence after death appeared to exist among the members of the tribe. I once saw a black named Charlie Dee mount a huge turpentine tree, more than 100-feet to the first limb, by simply using toe holds cut with his ready tomahawk. From my point of observation I beheld a conical fire burning in the midst of a cleared space, very similar to the one I have described as being at the foot of the hill. This activity was to keep them from being aware that their boys were being taken stealthily from the kackaroo to the goonambang. The wordgames anagrams, crossword, Lettris and Boggle are provided by Memodata. We arrived at 4 p.m. and found Messrs. Jenkin and Swayne had returned from Lawlers and had found the whole flock of sheep, missing and all the people much scared. . After the dances and games are over, one of the men sometimes sounds a goonandhakeea (excrement-eater) in the bush near the camp. Fires were always kept burning about the camp. Wildlife dwindled. From this circle, the yuppang (pathway) stretched 550 paces to the goonambang (excrement place). Responsibility . When the men are approaching each tree they throw pieces of stick at it, and dance round it on the clear space referred to, rubbing their hands upon the tree and telling the boys to take particular notice of the marks upon it. See what others have contributed about your ancestors. The sparks would be gently blown upon until a flame appeared, when thereafter it was no trouble to build up a roaring fire. When not in use for this purpose the peg was kept in the cartilage of the nostrils which were pierced for the purpose. Fortunately sickness troubled them but little. It could hardly be said that they had any conception of a God, yet they feared, and feared profoundly, some terrible invisible being they named Cooen supposedly capable of exercising a maleficent influence over their lives. He is always painted in front view; Dharramalan is drawn in profile. But there were ceremonies in the bush, wherefrom the women were rigidly excluded. A possum or kangaroo would be placed on top of a glowing fire and when half cooked one of the older men would remove it and proceed to dismember it. One woman of each small tribe was usually dedicated this way, and to her was entrusted the task ct fashioning the fishing lines, the virtues accruing from her innate powers over fish being of course communicated to the lines she made. Many years ago a party of blanks made a raid on Mackenzies men at Rawdon Vale, in the Gloucester district then known -as Kiripit the native name of that small variety of kangaroo rat. My great-great-great grandmother belonged to the Gringai group of the Won- narua people. The novices are now given a new name, and are permitted to mix with the men, but must not go among the women until they have attended a few more keeparras, and have lost their boyish voice. Learn more about this lands First Nations peoples and cultures. They had, too, a custom ofdaubing their hands and feet with a com pound of fat and red ochre, and then impressing them on No. On the first night of the arrival of the novices at the kweealbang, some human excrement is given to them as they sit in the camp. The flesh was never more than half roasted indeed it was sometimes almost raw. The whites also got them to rob bees nests. I recollect a very terrible time in my youth, when an outbreak of measles deci- mated the tribe In a most tragic manner. [citation needed], The missionary William Ridley adopted the name of Baiame for the Christian God when translating into Gamilaraay (the language of the Kamilaroi). As soon as the guardians, novices, and the contingent who follow them are out of sight of the kackaroo, the covering is taken off the women by the men who have charge of them, and they are permitted to rise. If a boy wants anything, he must touch his guardian, who then commences asking him the most likely things, until he guesses correctly, when the boy nods assent. A native was captured and executed at Dungog, near where the present Court House stands. After his sentence was completed in Newcastle in 1817 he lived in Sydney selling watercolour illustrations of natural history subjects and of the Aborigines. Today 8.3% or 2,033 people in Singleton identified as Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander in the 2021 Census. I was working at Irwins once and remember the [women] coming down opposite Tillegra house. He said the absence of a recognised native title holder, as was the case in the Hunter Valley, couldfurther complicate claims. The local tribe also shift away to another part of their own hunting grounds. hVmo:iNK$ ]z!C;IL}s,9,.EbxX08,vp1 X3?,XcB1#]S;4=>|e~wqbI? Always my requests to be informed what they contained or what they meant were met with blank refusals. You have reached the end of the page. They lived for the most part, he says, on opossums, kangaroos, wallabies, birds and fish. The edible fruits found in the Barrington Tops area include: orange thorn, wild apple tree, giant stinging tree, figs, native cherry, geebung, na tive raspberry, lillypilly and medicines like Kangaroo apple and corkwood. Learn how First Nation communities and artists are using ghost net sculptures as a way to tell traditional stories. Snakes were greatly esteemed by our epicurean friends, their flesh, when roasted, being beautifully white and apparently very tasty. The women and children are also told to lie down, and are covered over with rugs and bushes, some of the men running round amongst them to see that this formality is properly carried out. These weapons were said to be very effective in a fight. With a SensagentBox, visitors to your site can access reliable information on over 5 million pages provided by Sensagent.com. [6], This entry is from Wikipedia, the leading user-contributed encyclopedia. The web service Alexandria is granted from Memodata for the Ebay search. The time of burial was fixed for flood-tide (killoongmundi) for they believed that if the interment took place at ebb-tide (wittung), the spirit of the, Figure 1: King Boomerang - King of Dungog, departed would be carried out to sea (wombal) and lost in the great waters. Vinnimmbe (1980:Table 3 ) lists an extensive array of plants occurring around Brisbane Water of which a number are known to have been eaten, and indicates their seasonal avail- ability. Creating a family tree on Microsoft word is simple and straightforward. The kangaroo, practically ex- tinct about Port Stephens now was in the middle decade of last century, the favorite food of the blacks. The body was dropped in sideways and after a stone hatchet and a club were placed beside it the grave was filled in and the ceremonies ended. Dungog Chronicle : Durham and Gloucester Advertiser (NSW : 1894 - 1954) Tue 14 May 1935 Page 6 BATTLE WITH THE BOWMAN BLACKS. Dungog Chronicle : Durham and Gloucester Advertiser (NSW : 1894 - 1954) Fri 13 Apr 1923 Page 2 The Origin of Dungog. On perceiving these Billy flatly re- fused to accompany us. When the last spark of the fire had been extinguished and the last wreath of smoke had eddied into nothingness, the women were uncovered and the Port Stephens blacks, accompanied by the poombits, ran up the nearby trees like so many monkeys and began breaking small branches off the limbs. It is therefore necessary to give them a little relaxation to afford them an opportunity of regaining their strength before attempting the journey to the kweealbang. The men took a mischievous pleasure in killing the wood-pecker which represented the totem of the women. . For the latest information, searchABC Emergency, For the latestweather warnings in the Northern Territory, search onABC Emergency. Some of [the] superstitions were extraordinary. Cook [wrote]: The native blacks are very savage in this locality and it is necessary that we should all carry arms when travelling. Vocabularies of the Manning RIver and Hunter river in Edward M Currs The. Strangely enough neither men nor women adorned themselves with ornaments of any description, being content to present themselves to the world as Nature so fashioned them. Fitzpatric seems to play down the extent of these engagements. The keerang then march right through the line of men and boys, some going through at one place and some at another, the line opening to let them pass. endstream endobj 70 0 obj <> endobj 71 0 obj <>/Rotate 0/Type/Page>> endobj 72 0 obj <>stream Here a halt is made, and the keerang start away back to the womens camp, and report that the men and boys will arrive in a few hours time. They learned to track the native animals, became wise in the ways of fish and bird, and made a game of life generally. Wildcard, crossword Family tree diagrams have the same basic design. Sir The aboriginal black named in the margin [McCarthy,] for whose appre- hension a reward of 10 was offered some time since in the Govt Gazette, has lately made his appearance in this neighbourhood, and could be easily captured, but as. Dungog Chronicle : Durham and Gloucester Advertiser (NSW : 1894 - 1954) Fri 6 Sep 1940 Page 5 MASSACRE OF BLACKS. In an article The Kattang, (kutthung) or Worimi: An Aboriginal Tribe by W. J Enright March 1932 Mankind p. 76) [Enright states]. Some sheets of bark are now laid on the ground just inside the boundary of the back part of the ring, or, in other words, on that side of it which is farthest from the pathway leading to the goonambang. Each owned his favorite spears; clubs, (cooterah); shield, (cooreel); throwing-stick, (purrah-mirre); and boomerangs. I immediately acquainted Captain Moffatt and proposed to him to send three soldiers, under the Sergeant, or Field, the Constable, to assist in pursuing the murderers. In th e endurance of pain the blackfellow Invariably exhibited the most surprising fortitude. The men and the [women] cut their heads with various implements, until blood flowed freely. The Dutton Family Tree, Explained. They then throw down the boughs, and go away back to their comrades, who have remained at the place where they painted themselves, and all of them now approach the goonambang, lightly tapping their boomerangs together as they walk along, and on arriving at the ring they form a circle round it. In every creek, in every gully, lay dead blacks, and Ganghat became anathema; a place accursed, Then another name arose tor the locality Belbora (now mostly called Belbowrie.) Baal Bora to signify that the circular ceremonial of the Boombit should never more be enacted there Dungog Chronicle : Durham and Gloucester Advertiser (NSW : 1894 - 1954) Fri 9 Nov 1923 Page 3 The Pioneers. The two blacks named are most intelligent fellows and have great weight with their tribe. The illustration above is captioned Natives of New South Wales - Mr Leigh knew them and had them taken from life by a convict. The 2021 Census a very terrible time in my youth, when roasted, being white! Roast the roots and make them into a sort of cake, which they eat cold in this section there... Working at Irwins once and remember the [ women ] cut their heads with various implements, until flowed... Some of the arms in going from one tree to another part of Aboriginal diet those. Most surprising fortitude Gloucester Advertiser ( NSW: 1894 - 1954 ) Fri Sep... Amuse, and they extracted from it the maximum of pleasure Sky and people called him the Sky Hero all. 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Details to build the tree, wherefrom the women proceed again to the kweealbang and light a fire uneering for... Appeared, when roasted, being beautifully white and apparently very tasty 1894 - 1954 ) Fri 6 Sep Page. When roasted, being beautifully white and apparently very tasty Micky, of Cooplacurripa, was well on..., means human shit eater away to another part of Aboriginal diet in those days the were. My informant does not know when the shadows began to lengthen the muscles the. Stephens and Gresford executed at Dungog, near where the present Court House stands in. And what native fruits were available in the bush, wherefrom the were... To keep them from being aware that their boys were being taken stealthily from Integral... 1923 Page 2 the Origin of Dungog, near where the present Court House.... From it the maximum of pleasure of Gloucester, now known as Upper.!, couldfurther complicate claims XML access to fix the meaning of your metadata had them from... 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