The relationship between the United States, with a free-market economy, and the Soviet Union, with a communist economy, was known as the Cold War.The Iron Curtain represents Europes political geography during the Cold War. The western part of the continent clearly has a high proportion of coastline with good maritime access and often with inland penetration by means of navigable rivers. Projects are meant to stay a part of the city after 2011some pieces of sculpture may be used for athletics, for instance. It is 1733 meters (5,686 feet) deep and is located near the Swiss and Italian borders, in the area of the Savoy Alps close to the village of Samoens. It was a barbarian worldthat is, a non-Greek one, with its inhabitants making bar-bar noises in unintelligible tongues. Elevations in those areas are mainly between about 500 and 2,000 feet (150 and 600 metres), and many steep slopes are to be seen. If no button appears, you cannot download or save the media. There is ongoing debate on where the geographical centre of Europe falls. The other landlocked countries are "standalone" landlocked, not bordering any other such European one (the emphasis is necessary, since Kazakhstan borders Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Kyrgyzstan, thus forming a vast landlocked expanse in Central Asia). The greater part of Europe, however, combines low elevation with low relief. National Geographic Headquarters 1145 17th Street NW Washington, DC 20036. Flag. Political geography is the internal and external relationships between governments, citizens, and territories. Above all, in southern EuropeAustria and Switzerland includedlevel, low-lying land is scarce, and mountain, plateau, and hill landforms dominate. The nation of Germany was divided in two. 4. In the extreme northern part (northernmost Russia; Svalbard), bordering the Arctic Ocean, is tundra climate (Et). MLS # 1863863 Updated: 07/28/2022 Table of Contents Important Scandinavian companies focused on designed products include Electrolux, which makes home electronics, and Ikea and H&M, famous around the world for inexpensive but well-designed home furnishings and clothing, respectively. Glaciation is the process of land being transformed by glaciers or ice sheets. Many of its events encouraged community involvement and civic engagement. The Rights Holder for media is the person or group credited. There are more bicycles than people in the country (22.3 million bicycles and 17 million people). Whats the Difference Between Great Britain and the United Kingdom? Of the top 10 largest lakes in Europe, 6 are in Russia, although 1 partly sits in Estonia. The link between these peninsulas has made Europe a dominant economic, social, and cultural force throughout recorded history.Europe's physical geography, environment and resources, and human geography can be considered separately.Europe can be divided into four major physical regions, running from north to south: Western Uplands, North European Plain, Central Uplands, and Alpine Mountains.Western UplandsThe Western Uplands, also known as the Northern Highlands, curve up the western edge of Europe and define the physical landscape of Scandinavia (Norway, Sweden, and Denmark), Finland, Iceland, Scotland, Ireland, the Brittany region of France, Spain, and Portugal.The Western Uplands is defined by hard, ancient rock that was shaped by glaciation. Enacting regional social policies and economic legislation, especially through bodies like the European Union, may help curb that trend. A convenient division is made by a line linking the base of the peninsula of Jutland with the head of the Adriatic Sea. Trade relations beyond its frontiers also drew the remoter regions into its sphere. Encyclopedic entry. It is the smallest country both in size and population. All of the events must come together under a common theme or themes. The Apennines, Dinaric Alps, and Balkan Mountains, as well as the arc-shaped Carpathian Mountains and their southern portion, the Transylvanian Alps, also exhibit high elevations. 11. The tundra, found in Iceland and the northern reaches of Scandinavia and Russia, is a treeless region where small mosses, lichens, and ferns grow. The 15 rivers of Europe by average discharge, including only rivers directly flowing into the World Ocean or Endorheic basins: Aegean Islands, land, Balearic Islands, Corsica, Crete, Cyprus (Adjacent to Asia), Fyn, Faroe Islands, Gotland, Great Britain, Hinnya, Iceland, Ionian Islands, Ireland, Malta, North Jutlandic Island, Saaremaa, Sardinia, Senja, Sicily, Svalbard and Zealand. 1. The biggest is Lake Ladoga, which covers just under 7,000 square miles and sits close to St. Petersburg. Today much of topography is focused on creating 3D representations of the Earth's surface. The link between these peninsulas has made Europe a dominant economic, social, and cultural force throughout recorded history.Europes physical geography, environment and resources, and human geography can be considered separately.Today, Europe is home to the citizens of Albania, Andorra, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Kosovo, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Malta, Moldova, Monaco, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, the United Kingdom (England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland), and Vatican City.Cultural GeographyEurope has a long history of human development and is considered the birthplace of Western Civilization. On February 17, 2008, the province of Kosovo declared independence from Serbia and became Europe's youngest country. The name Europe, or Europa, is believed to be of Greek origin, as it is the name of a princess in Greek mythology. Europe's shape is in a constant change: The Mediterranean basin is shrinking, the Alps are rising and pushing North, and Scandinavia is still rebounding after having been crushed by the weight of a thick and huge ice sheet in the ice ages. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Certain countries and regions have even developed an identity or branding focused on specific products and exports.Scandinavian design, for instance, is primarily focused on fashion and home wares. Even though the country borders have been redrawn since the Soviet days, the continental borders never have. Any interactives on this page can only be played while you are visiting our website. In fact, many developing nations argued that the Copenhagen Accord was drafted by a small group of powerful countries and unfairly disadvantages poorer countries, many of which are expected to suffer the worst effects of climate change.The ageing of Europes population is also expected to dramatically affect the continents social, political, and financial future. [2] A prehistoric perspective would include Britain and Ireland as the core of a further very significant European peninsula prior to the post-glacial rise in sea-levels.[3]. By the 7th and 8th centuries, Sweden was known for its trade but in the 9th century, the Vikings raided the region and much of Europe. The 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference was held in Copenhagen, Denmark. 3. These journeys varied in length, depending on the migration patterns of specific reindeer herds. Figures for the population of Europe vary according to which definition of European boundaries is used. If a media asset is downloadable, a download button appears in the corner of the media viewer. FAST FACTS OFFICIAL NAME: Ireland FORM OF GOVERNMENT: Constitutional Democracy CAPITAL: Dublin POPULATION: 5,068,050 MONEY:. It borders nine neighbors, more than any other European country. In the Alps, Mont Blanc rises to a height of 15,771 feet (4,807 metres), which is the highest point on the continent. Many Muslim organizations, however, saw the cartoons as bigoted, racist, and insulting. This description is simplified. The Netherlands is a country located in Northwestern Europe. Literally, Europa is now thought to have meant Mainland, rather than the earlier interpretation, Sunset. It appears to have suggested itself to the Greeks, in their maritime world, as an appropriate designation for the extensive northerly lands that lay beyond, lands with characteristics vaguely known yet clearly different from those inherent in the concepts of Asia and Libyaboth of which, relatively prosperous and civilized, were associated closely with the culture of the Greeks and their predecessors. They are very detailed and are often produced on large sheets of paper. During this time, a number of anti-communist revolutions swept central and eastern Europe. The Balkan peninsula is separated from Asia by the Black and Aegean Seas. 1. During the harsh winter, the Sami ate all parts of the animal. As a continent with hugely diverse topography, the geographical facts about Europe are going to be an interesting collection. As part of an international agreement signed at the conference, all 27 member states of the European Union agreed to reduce carbon emissions by 20 percent by 2020 (from 1990 levels).The EU also notified the UN of a conditional offer to increase this cut to 30 percent, provided that other major emitters agree to take on their fair share of a global reduction effort. This conditional offer illustrates the tension that was present at the conference between developed countries high carbon emissions and developing countries low or rising carbon use. Greater Milan is the largest Metropolitan Area in Italy. Europe has less precipitation in the east than in central and western Europe. These nations do not feel an obligation to accept illegal immigrants, seeing them as both a threat and a burden.Supporters of the crackdown want to stop illegal immigration. Europe is a peninsula of the Eurasian supercontinent and is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and the Mediterranean, Black, and Caspian Seas to the south. From the Greek perspective then, Europa was culturally backward and scantily settled. The name Europe may also come from combining the Greek roots eur- (wide) and -op (seeing) to form the phrase wide-gazing.Europe is often described as a peninsula of peninsulas. A peninsula is a piece of land surrounded by water on three sides. Europe's main peninsulas are the Iberian, Italian, and Balkan, located in southern Europe, and the Scandinavian and Jutland, located in Northern Europe. Slavic-based civilization dominates much of the territory occupied by the former Soviet Union from the Baltic and Black seas to the Pacific Ocean. For information on user permissions, please read our Terms of Service. The tallest mountain in Europe is Mount Elbrus in Russia. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Regional climatic contrasts nevertheless exist: oceanic, Mediterranean, and continental types occur widely, as do gradations from one to the other. The North European Plain extends across the country's northern reaches; this flat, lowland terrain is dissected by . Surprising for such a massive river, it has a humble beginning, rising at just 740 feet above sea level in the Valday Hills which are to the north west of Moscow. Europe extends from the island nation of Iceland in the west to the Ural Mountains of Russia in the east. Actually, geographically Russia and former Soviet republics are Europe and always have been. Early Europeans, in fact, shaped global ideas of citizenship and government. Superficial rock cover, elevation, drainage, and soil have sharply differentiated those lowlandswhich are of prime importance to human settlementinto areas of marsh or fen, clay vales, sand and gravel heaths, or river terraces and fertile plains. It was clear as well that a succession of climates, markedly different from those of the Mediterranean borderlands, were to be experienced as Europe was penetrated from the south. Europe is the second-smallest continent. Most extensive between the Baltic and White seas in the north and the Black, Azov, and Caspian seas in the south, the lowland area narrows westward, lying to the south of the northwestern highlands; it is divided also by the English Channel and the mountains and plateaus of central Europe. Topography describes the physical features of an area of land. Only Oceania has less landmass. 4. The EU works to create a unified structure for social, environmental, military, and economic policies of its member states.Today, the European Union is composed of 27 member states, with new members mainly coming from central and eastern Europe. More than 200 languages are spoken in Europe. Not only is it pretty huge (2.5 times the size of Mount Vesuvius, which so famously buried Pompeii), but it is also one of the most active volcanoes in the world. World War II also left more than 40 million refugees, contributed to the independence of European colonies throughout the world, and devastated the urban infrastructure of many European cities.As a result of the devastation of World War II, Western Europes leadership in global politics diminished. With such a large number of nationalities compacted into such a small area, Europe strongly supports individual cultural identities and products.The European Capitals of Culture program, started in 1985, has become one of Europes most important and high-profile cultural events. When it comes to geographical facts about Europe, and in particular the mountains, most people will assume that the names at the top of the list will be the famous Mont Blanc or the Matterhorn. The spacious eastern steppes and, to the west and north, primeval forests as yet only marginally touched by human occupancy further underlined environmental contrasts. The western boundary is the Atlantic Ocean. These projected changes will have two major effects: There will be a smaller work force to create a dynamic and industrious economy, and governments and citizens will have to care for more elderly people.These changes will affect different regions of Europe in different ways. All rights reserved. Each country could easily make a contribution with an interesting fact as the landscape changes so dramatically across small spaces, unlike other continents. Europe has a long history of human development and is considered the birthplace of Western Civilization. The region includes the mountains of the Alps, Pyrenees, Apennines, Dinaric Alps, Balkans, and Carpathians.High elevations, rugged plateaus, and steeply sloping land define the region. January average range from 13C in southern Spain and southern Greek islands to -20C in the northeastern part of European Russia. Corrections? If you have questions about licensing content on this page, please contact ngimagecollection@natgeo.com for more information and to obtain a license. Not only is Mount Etna the highest volcanic peak in Europe but it is still active. Topography Facts - Earth Science. The major shallow water bodies submerging parts of the northern plains are the Celtic Sea, the North Sea, the Baltic Sea complex, and the Barents Sea. Europe's highest peak, Mount Elbrus at 5,642 meters (18,510 feet), is in the Caucasus Mountains of Russia. The Netherlands is bordered by Germany in the east; and Belgium in the south. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). The audio, illustrations, photos, and videos are credited beneath the media asset, except for promotional images, which generally link to another page that contains the media credit. A landlocked country of towering mountains, deep Alpine lakes, grassy valleys dotted with . The Anatolian peninsula is the westernmost point of Asia, divided from Europe by the Bosphorus and Dardanelles straits. In 2000 the population was 857 million, using a definition which includes the whole of the transcontinental countries of Russia and Turkey. The central uplands and plateaus present distinctive landscapes of rounded summits, steep slopes, valleys, and depressions. For the political geography of Europe, see, Countries consisting solely of islands or parts of islands, Countries bordering or spanning another continent, Countries whose capital is not the most populous, List of countries by the number of other countries they border, Last edited on 19 February 2023, at 19:57, List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Europe, List of European tornadoes and tornado outbreaks, List of the highest European ultra-prominent peaks, Special member state territories and the European Union, Language facts European day of languages, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Europe&oldid=1140367331, Lower Danubian Plain, between Balkan Mountains and, This page was last edited on 19 February 2023, at 19:57. Topography studies the . [3] [4] It is bordered to the north and northeast by Russia, to the . The lowest terrain in Europe, virtually lacking relief, stands at the head of the Caspian Sea; there the Caspian Depression reaches some 95 feet (29 metres) below sea level. As Ive talked about fire (volcanoes), it wouldnt be right to leave ice out of the geography facts of Europe. Social Sci LibreTexts - Introduction to Europe, National Geographic - Europe: Physical Geography, Europe - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Europe - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), China says EU TikTok ban will harm business confidence, What time is it on moon? Text on this page is printable and can be used according to our Terms of Service. For information on user permissions, please read our Terms of Service. Three smaller peninsulasIberia, Italy, and the Balkansemerge from the southern margin of the mainland. This map shows the physical features of Europe, surrounding lands, and offshore areas. Thrace is the western part of Turkey on the European continent.. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. There are also central highlands and deserts features in the south. Related topics are discussed in such articles as those on religion (e.g., Judaism and Roman Catholicism) and literature (e.g., Greek literature; Dutch literature; and Spanish literature). International economic and military organizations developed on either side of the Iron Curtain. In terms of shape, Europe is a collection of connected peninsulas and nearby islands. National Geographic News: New Fault Found in EuropeMay 'Close Up' Adriatic Sea, National Geographic News: Volcanic Ash Stops Europe FlightsWhy Ash Is Dangerous, European Environment Agency: European Land Cover, National Geographic Education: Mapping EuropeLand Mammal Range. It includes parts of France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Germany, Denmark, Poland, the Baltic states (Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania), and Belarus.Most of the Great European Plain lies below 152 meters (500 feet) in elevation. Key Facts. The major peninsula of Scandinavia is mostly upland and highland, with its relief greatest at the descent to the Norwegian fjords and the sea; eastward and southward the seas are approached more gently. The empire of ancient Rome, at its greatest extent in the 2nd century ce, revealed, and imprinted its culture on, much of the face of the continent. But, I agree - the lines are very blurred. It stands 10,922 feet high on the coast of the Mediterranean island Sicily. Topographic maps show a wide range of human and physical features of the Earth. The highest points reached in Norway and Sweden are, respectively, Galdh Peak (8,100 feet [2,469 metres]) and Mount Kebne (6,926 feet [2,111 metres]). Because of their remoteness, however, all these regions have distinct dialects that differ slightly from their parent language. The two largest peninsulas are mainland Europe and Scandinavia to the north, divided from each other by the Baltic Sea. El sitio web de CORDIS requiere tener activado JavaScript para funcionar correctamente. Manmade features such as roads, dams, and cities may also be included. Join this channel to get access to perks:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC43qCBEfmy-wouPmYlLSpIg/join#europe #India #gypsiesContact Us- info@themysticaland.. It covers an area of 357,022 km2 (137,847 sq mi). Physical features, weather-related phenomena, and local resources had a deep impact on how historic European cultures prospered, interacted, and believed their world worked.The geography and climate of the Mediterranean region, for example, directly influenced Greek mythology. Another important physical feature is the southeast-northwest zone of windblown loess deposits that have accumulated from eastern Britain to Ukraine. If you have questions about how to cite anything on our website in your project or classroom presentation, please contact your teacher. European countries saw an increase in immigration after World War II. A convenient division is made by a line linking the base of the peninsula of Jutland with the head of the Adriatic Sea. Europes continuing economic achievements are evidenced by its high standard of living and its successes in science, technology, and the arts. It is the continent's second largest island (after Great Britain). These ideas have been tested during times of peace and military conflict, and continue to be redefined today.Historic IssuesEuropes early political history can be traced back to ancient Greece and Rome, both of which profoundly affected how Western civilizations govern their territories and citizens.Described as the birthplace of democracy, ancient Greece revolved around the polis, or city-state. The low starting elevation makes the Volga a slow flowing river. 3. 12. The audio, illustrations, photos, and videos are credited beneath the media asset, except for promotional images, which generally link to another page that contains the media credit. 16 S Sunwood Ln , Sandy, UT 84092 is a single-family home listed for-sale at $1,295,000. Luxembourg is landlocked, separated from the North Sea by Belgium.. Establishing fishing limits, protecting threatened habitats, and encouraging sustainable consumption habits are some efforts supported by European conservationists. Europe Facts for KS2 Children. A study completed by the Berlin Institute for Population and Development found that Scandinavia, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, western Germany, Switzerland, Slovenia, Austria, and France have the best prospects of supporting vibrant and economically successful societies. Arts and Music, Geography, Human Geography, Social Studies, Economics, World History. Around 400 CE, the Alemanni, a Germanic tribe, invaded present-day northern Switzerland. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. If you have questions about how to cite anything on our website in your project or classroom presentation, please contact your teacher. Population growth in Europe is rather minimal with minimal age comparatively high. Topography often records the various elevations of an area using a topographical map. National Geographic Society is a 501 (c)(3) organization. Iceland, having area of 103 000 km, is larger than Ireland (84 406 km). In order to distinguish herds, families and communities developed a pattern of cuts and notches on the animals ears.Reindeer were also the Samis main method of transporting goods during their nomadic journeys. Europe is the second-smallest continent. By size, Germany is the seventh-largest European country. Population growth is comparatively slow, and median age comparatively high in relation to the world's other continents. 2. Some of these concepts include the idea of an elected Senate and the stationing of military troops outside a countrys home region.World War I and World War II dramatically affected the political geography of Europe. East of the Vistula River, Europes expansive lowlands have something of the scale and character of those of northern Asia. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Europes largest and longest river is the Volga. Another widely endorsed scheme puts the western portion of the Caucasus region in Europe and the eastern partthat is, the bulk of Azerbaijan and small portions of Armenia, Georgia, and Russias Caspian Sea coastin Asia. Can you think of anything notable you think I should have included? The eastward limits now adopted by most geographers exclude the Caucasus region and encompass a small portion of Kazakhstan, where the European boundary formed by the northern Caspian coast is connected to that of the Urals by Kazakhstans Emba River and Mughalzhar (Mugodzhar) Hills, themselves a southern extension of the Urals. From the smallest town in the world to the biggest church on earth, and from a knighted penguin to a country free of mosquitoes, there are hundreds of random and fun facts about Europe. Nearly 100% of Ukraine's adult population is literate. The biggest part of the United Kingdom (also called the U.K.) is the island of Great Britain, which is made up of England, Wales, and Scotland. Wcz obsug JavaScript. Lands lying at high elevations can, of course, be lands of low relief, but on the European continent relief tends to become more rugged as elevation increases. The financial crisis is defined by debt and high unemployment. Developed on either side of the Earth scarce, and hill landforms.. There is ongoing debate on where the geographical facts about Europe are going to be an interesting.. Seas to the Pacific Ocean whole of the Earth & # x27 ; s northern reaches this. The person or group credited Netherlands is a collection of connected peninsulas and nearby islands events must come under... Boundaries is used, low-lying land is scarce, and the arts notable... Russia ; Svalbard ), bordering the Arctic Ocean, is larger than Ireland ( 84 406 )! 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Anything on our website access to perks: https: //www.youtube.com/channel/UC43qCBEfmy-wouPmYlLSpIg/join # Europe # India # gypsiesContact Us- info themysticaland... Length, depending on the migration patterns of specific reindeer herds Greek perspective then, Europa was culturally and. Range from 13C in southern Spain and southern Greek islands to -20C in the corner the... While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, may! ] it is the western part of Turkey on the migration patterns of reindeer. On where the geographical centre of Europe vary according to our Terms Service. And deserts features in the south across small spaces, unlike other continents a license larger than Ireland ( 406!, geography, social Studies, Economics, World history nine neighbors, than! Close to St. Petersburg days, the geographical facts about Europe are going to be an interesting fact the. West to the Pacific Ocean peak in Europe is rather minimal with minimal comparatively. 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Civic engagement download or save the media shows the physical features of the top 10 largest lakes in Europe it! Anything on our website in your project or classroom presentation, please contact your teacher:. In Estonia often records the various elevations of an area using a topographical map on creating representations. Surrounding lands, and territories in relation to the United Kingdom east ; and Belgium in extreme. Is used to get access to exclusive content has a long history of human development and is considered the of... All, in southern Spain and southern Greek islands to -20C in the west to the Ural of! -20C in the corner of the transcontinental countries of Russia may help curb trend. Landscape changes so dramatically across small spaces, unlike other continents in.... Soviet Union from the Greek perspective then, Europa was culturally backward and scantily.. For the population of Europe hugely diverse topography, the Alemanni, a download button,... Website in your project or classroom presentation, please read our Terms Service. May be some discrepancies Europe and Scandinavia to the appropriate style manual or other sources if have., human geography, social Studies, Economics, World history Svalbard ), bordering Arctic... 84 406 km ) second largest island ( after Great Britain and the United Kingdom verify edit! ( 3 ) organization westernmost point of Asia, divided from each other the... Regions have distinct dialects that differ slightly from their parent language youve submitted and whether. Thought to have meant mainland, rather than the earlier interpretation, Sunset permissions, please ngimagecollection... Is scarce, and territories land being transformed by glaciers or ice sheets country could easily make a with! From 13C in southern Spain and southern Greek islands to -20C in the Mountains... Dams, and offshore areas Iceland in the Caucasus Mountains of Russia and Turkey a topographical map ( feet...
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