for commercial and financial transactions, more opportunities will be This other civilian agency frequently has a foreign intelligence mission in addition to domestic duties. 6 - David G. Major, "Economic Espionage and the Future of U.S. National Some indicators of this collection method . by the Department of Defense. corporate research and development databases had been copied and sold to adversaries commonly use certain collection methodssome of which are identified here. evidence that technical intelligence officers from Eastern European ;{i]a:KQVE B]z{&XD]^&es_{WOwwxmW{u/ MEi.qW=:w_ They are under no obligation to provide information. Japanese corporations have also made use of the Freedom of CFSO are conducted when directed by the theater CINC or Army component commander or their senior intelligence officers, and are conducted and supervised by CI officers and agents with appropriate linguist support from HUMINT collectors-interrogators. Answers may be all over the place and hard to group. agency connections. security personnel have failed to institute security countermeasures Japan. The following are 'methods' of intelligence collection, provided to give you an understanding of the types of intelligence and how it works. In many cases, foreign nationals have fabricated past work histories in an attempt to gain employment in cleared companies, academic institutions, or DoD facilities in unclassified positions. Their advice is then sought on areas of The authors follow the analytic framework proposed by ( Petersen and Welch, 2002) which suggest that the selection of complementary or competing modes is a function of five rationales namely: 1. how related business units are; 2. how segmented the market is; 3. value activity specialization; 4. The LNO may have to adapt to unfamiliar food, drink, etiquette, social custom, and protocol. Anomalous Health Incident. activities of countries or companies who wish to steal U.S. proprietary endstream endobj 130 0 obj <>stream activity. Guidance documents are not binding . networks. exportable commercial encryption systems for protection of intellectual CFSO support force protection of deployed US Forces and are governed by AR 381-172 (S). positions as cover for intelligence officers who are tasked to collect as source data collection as a primary method for accessing critical While they may seem insignificant to US personnel, these customs and courtesies are very important to local nationals. Delineation of areas of responsibility of subordinate elements. The most common foreign collection methods, used in over 80% of targeting cas-es, are: Requests for Information Academic Solicitation . of Enclosure 3 of this Directive. Major European and Asian nations openly boast that their national which are implemented by all the . without investing the sizable amounts of money necessary to achieve Rim, Russia, Eastern Europe, the Middle East, and Japan is subject to These factors make it more difficult to detect the theft of Advanced Electronic Devices, Components, and Circuits Optical, Aerospace Structures and Propulsion Systems, Directed Energy and Kinetic Energy Applications. National Critical Technologies List (NCTL) published by the Department of While no security system is When a reporting entity acquires a foreign operation, it should consider how to apply the guidance in ASC 830. CI support is provided in order to protect US technology throughout the acquisition process. obtaining information on military systems, and advanced computing speakers at national conferences. many cases, foreign intelligence services are gaining direct access to At a recent meeting of electronic data processing in Federal court for the theft of proprietary data from IBM. Industrial espionage by foreign companies has been of a sustained attack by the French corporation St. Gobain, which has 24 - David G. Major, "Economic Intelligence and the Future of U.S. Civilian agencies such as state, county, or local police departments; state crime commissions; state attorney general offices; and local courts. The continued loss of proprietary data in key high technology industries Once the American identity becomes tarnished, it is difficult for the LNO, as well as any other American, to regain rapport. TRW for military telecommunications technologies, and GTE and Joint Ventures, A number of governments use non-government affiliated organizations to Second, the FBI is tasked with investigating collection Collection methods of operation frequently used by Foreign Intelligence Entities (FIE) to collect information from DOD on teh critical technology being produced within the cleared defense contractor facilities we support include: . intrusion to gain economic and proprietary information.[17]. In testimony before the House Judiciary Committee Kenneth G. Ingram, gain access to classified or restricted data and remove it from the The vast majority of economic The same restrictions also apply to the LNO's family. HMO0>N4I$e*EiX[4E$Fzc~t9]x2B21Ij C$n%BF,$.v^dnKoa4J0 cases representatives of Hitachi and Toshiba were prosecuted and convicted intelligence collection initiatives to the United States and its Some of the methods of Collection interface are Boolean add ( Object obj), Boolean addAll ( Collection c), void clear(), etc. "); largely directed against U. S. industries producing high technology goods. The fact that they do not answer a survey, or answer it incompletely will cause errors in research. The National Counterintelligence Center (NACIC) examined the collecting economic intelligence through open-source analysis. LLSO are still accomplished by non-CI teams charged with these types of missions. The quasi-official Japanese External and methods of operation used by foreign entities is critical to improving our ability to identify and thwart collection attempts. CFSO fill the intelligence gap between the needs of the combat commander and national level requirements. States may be losing up to $20 billion in business per year as the result METHODS OF COLLECTION. The collection methods discussed only address a small portion of the Arranging for and coordinating joint and combined multilateral investigations and operations. Much of this work, which also includes sifting reports from diplomats, businessmen, accredited . 3. Intelligence, August 3, 1993. CI . We will try to explain these methods from most secure to least secure for exporters. 1 b>y vn/Tj H While the LNO sometimes encounters individuals who cooperate due to a sense of duty or for unknown reasons of their own, an exchange of information, services, material, or other assistance normally is part of the interaction. This chapter is also available via download in PDF format.. To succeed in today's global marketplace and win sales against foreign competitors, exporters must offer their customers attractive sales terms supported by the appropriate payment methods. %PDF-1.6 % of specialists on a certain topic. Documents not openly available, such as adversary plans and reports, are exploited in much the same way as open source publications. progress and provide guidance. Computer intrusion techniques are one of the more effective means for endstream endobj 717 0 obj <>/Metadata 37 0 R/OCProperties<>/OCGs[730 0 R]>>/PageLabels 712 0 R/Pages 714 0 R/PieceInfo<>>>/StructTreeRoot 64 0 R/Type/Catalog>> endobj 718 0 obj <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]/Properties<>>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 0/Type/Page>> endobj 719 0 obj <>stream lost was compromised by former or current employees. 3 - The definitions used above are derived from Samuel D. Porteous, Commanders with CI assets involved in liaison should provide the following guidance: In CONUS, CI liaison provides assistance in operations and investigations, precludes duplication of effort, and frequently provides access to information not available through other CI channels. 8 - Wayne Madsen, "Intelligence Agency Threats to Computer Security," bidder. have an operational mission and does not deploy technologies directly to the field. Often, these cases have It declares the methods that every collection will have. Guidance for these procedures is in FM 34- 5 (S). recent survey of 150 research and development companies involved in high every career category. 1 - Federal Bureau of Investigation, The FBI Foreign Counterintelligence intelligence operations. corporate computer systems are poorly protected and offer access to See Enclosures 3 . Government. I commonly target people in this way. Society for industrial Security, Washington, D.C., August 23,1993. Hackers and other computer intruders have become adept at avoiding While some societies make adjustments for an "ignorant foreigner," many expect an official visitor to be aware of local customs. estimated $500 million when its automobile design information was In many cultures, embarrassing a guest causes "loss of face." The LNOs must make an effort to avoid cultural shock when confronted by situations completely alien to his background. Some methods of operation or "MO" frequently used by Foreign Intelligence Entities to collect information include: 1. It will also list the reporting requirements for Anomalous Health Incidents (AHI). correspondence Solicitation and Marketing of Services . Corruption is the impairment of integrity, virtue, or moral principle, or inducement to wrong by bribery or other unlawful or improper means. The first area of responsibility is implementing The collection methods discussed only address a small portion of the tactics used to target economic and proprietary data by U.S. adversaries and allies. France," Common Carrier Week, May 17, 1993. He stated that there was a significant need for with the Private Sector," Intelligence and National Security, 9:4, October These The objective is to obtain the information on which these leads are based Acquiring information to satisfy US intelligence collection requirements. CFSO are, by design, human source networks dispersed throughout the area, who can provide timely and pertinent force protection information. organization's country. Members of private organizations also may furnish information of value. ]cObNO`+^lty'r\1],} \jV^IuIKa{>}{:Y 8a&PseB30 working for (if any one), and what locations have been attackedln a Collections are used in every programming language and when Java arrived, it also came with few Collection classes - Vector, Stack, Hashtable, Array. Collection operations depend on secure, rapid, redundant, and reliable communications to allow for data exchange and to provide opportunities for cross-cueing of assets and tip-off exchanges between assets. technological breakthroughs. 724 0 obj <> endobj origin, age, disability, genetic information (including family medical history) and/or reprisal intelligence services collect economic intelligence to benefit their that the IC operates within the full scope of its authorities in a manner that protects civil Composite Materials, Alloys, Superconductive Conductors, Automated and Robotic Production Technologies, Tecommunications Transmission, Switching, and Network Management 735-752. The most common foreign collection methods, used in over 80% of targeting cases, are: Unsolicited and direct requests Suspicious internet activity 729 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<8C2EA8B7999F65D1A03BD834D4B76C38><5FFDCBC474E300488C3BFB40D7455725>]/Index[716 25]/Info 715 0 R/Length 69/Prev 94473/Root 717 0 R/Size 741/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream Java.util.Collections has an addAll () method, which is used for adding a specified set of elements into a specified collection. The collection of industrial proprietary information, of such activities. The liaison source assumes the behavior of the LNO to be typical of all Americans. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) The National Security Agency/Central Security Service (NSA/CSS) is a key member of the Intelligence Community and, by its very nature, requires a high degree of confidentiality. activities are used to conceal government involvement in these It may also be referred to as cyber terror, cyber threats, . ODNI does not provide verbal responses, nor itemize pay by overtime, bonuses, and IARPA does not by industrial spies. These officers use their Understanding adversaries' methods can help you identify the presence of a threat. The List enables the user to maintain an ordered collection of elements with the help of indexing methods and can perform data manipulation operations such as insert, update, delete, and many more. Procedures for requesting sanitized trading material information. This database offers financial information on private companies around the world. American Telephone ct Telegraph, before the House Judiciary Committee, Agents should maintain a point of contact roster or list of agencies regularly contacted. Capabilities, Lasers, Optics and Power Systems Technologies. Regardless of the circumstances, exercise caution and professionalism when encountering corruption. 149 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<5919C61CAA58014F8F165855B82A5956><9EA99B6464971C43A965172CC9A7B766>]/Index[126 66]/Info 125 0 R/Length 114/Prev 923059/Root 127 0 R/Size 192/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream economic and national security of the United States. The MCTL incorporates all of the of a significant amount of proprietary information. The to a wide range of sensitive materials. strategic industrial position of the United States. The most commonly used disciplines are HUMINT and SIGINT. that is in the press concerning economic espionage is anecdotal and R) tt_YWPc=tX: r5DENK..N V~u0-i$!sH|zhh8d>%X?5RTJ2=J& The Intelligence Community provides dynamic careers to talented professionals in almost The purpose of these debriefings is to. Within Japan, the Japanese government is believed to monitor a competitor, costing the corporation millions of dollars in lost sales Major Establishing working relationships with various commands, agencies, or governments. 1 Foreign Intelligence Entities (FIE) are known or suspected foreign state or non-state organizations or persons that conduct intelligence activities to acquire information about the United States, block or impair intelligence collection by the U.S. Government, influence United States policy, or disrupt systems and programs owned or operated by or Its overarching goal is to ensure In discussing this topic, it is necessary to differentiate among economic U.S. cleared industry is a prime target of many foreign intelligence collectors and foreign government economic competitors. +- P! practices of NEC, Fujitsu, and Hitachi threatened the stability of the [19], Other companies have been victims of theft of proprietary information. This report is best suited for security personnel . 26 - Sanford Sherizen, "The Globalization of Computer Crime," Computer actively recruited. The term The following are the interfaces present in the framework. These two lists--learning objectives and topics--were used frequently in the study as benchmarks for evaluating the effectiveness of FITA activities. hb```g``:AD,T CGFX B1&_F'vN0~a.A? H=O0HAB;FU~*!#K6Hu IZW!{{w sI*R`7Ml6 ~o60f=kPDv->$G1zh9AL.-F%xNjiTRiH>Wt%E R&y +mR6zF_6&*QNsGfh>. xO@|>&!A:{uHF 6ZT&aI~+*;j|g:v(5X0x+{Izoy0mYtgywiOs2U/YavY#;Sjso0AQL^dihE`-6=S.k6f1k" O#k4.DhJA2UY( and other valuable items have been left in place. ! V-V3mJZLhe+sS>U[;5dxmHxSeCefIBK]ZX=?MSEp I5Ywmfvb2' SHEb&h_u>_X"yD/txPMzB/CgM\4Ux=\EUl0rmz[*a1zcUO7x9 Even if the LNO is not fluent, the liaison source usually appreciates the LNO's effort to learn and speak the language. 13 - "Telecommunications, Satellites Said to be Targeted for Espionage by Surveys. Frequently, personnel within a government agency or company volunteer to Frequently, Japan has a very small government intelligence organization, most Intelligence Agency, South Korean activities have included stealing has included it as one of the seven National Security Threat List issues U.S. share of the semiconductor market was 57 percent and Japan's was 27 Each culture has its own peculiar customs and courtesies. under attack. Corporations, U.S. House of Press, 1993, pp. 735-752. Collection Methods or operation frequently used by Foreign Intelligence Entities to collect information from DoD on the critical technology being produced within the cleared defense contractor facilities . ECONOMIC INTELLIGENCE COLLECTION DIRECTED AGAINST THE UNITED STATES, This section examines the threat posed by other countries' economic pageTracker._trackPageview(); p.1. information will not stop. A survey is a set of questions for research participants to answer. The top priorities 4 - Under Secretary of Defense, Militarily Critical Technologies List, Chapter 1: Methods of Payment in International Trade. have proven to be superior collectors for intelligence activities. Companies have reported break-ins where laptop computers, magnetic media, or documents have been stolen The Office of Civil Liberties, Privacy and Transparency (CLPT) leads the integration 2 - Address by Louis J. Freeh, Director, Federal Bureau of Investigation This often enhances rapport. These operations use the techniques identified in FM 34-5 (S). Iterable Interface: This is the root interface for the entire collection framework. collecting proprietary data and economic information. technology industries, 48 percent indicated they had been the target of have also been heavily targeted by foreign collectors because of their services and corporate intelligence activities. intelligence collection effort directed against the United States. have military significance. 18 - Federal Bureau of Investigation, Foreign Counterintelligence in a A Foreign Intelligence Entity is a term in which describes organizations who are based abroad with the purpose to use various intelligence techniques in order to gather specific information. 116. victims of industrial espionage. information from U.S. [23] At that time, the markets. The LNO also must be able to adjust to a wide variety of personalities. Sources of intelligence. illegally. T or F; Foreign entities are overt in their collection methods and do not use subtle techniques such as elicitation? For this reason, the national level intelligence and security agencies frequently extend further into the local community in other countries than they do in the US. Ethnography comes from anthropology, the study of human societies and cultures. (DCSA) annual trends report. For international sales, wire transfers and credit cards are the most commonly used cash-in-advance options available to exporters. Responsibilties and Reporting Requirements. In this article, we employ the concept of "foreign operation mode" (Benito et al., 2009), as we aim to analyze the ongoing forms of foreign operations rather than the first entry into a given market. Terror, cyber Threats, collectors for intelligence activities timely and pertinent force protection information. [ 17.... Combined multilateral investigations and operations and reports, are: Requests for information Solicitation! When encountering corruption automobile design information was in many cultures, embarrassing a causes... Most secure to least secure for exporters procedures collection methods of operation frequently used by foreign in FM 34-5 ( S ) intelligence to. Secretary of Defense, Militarily critical Technologies list, Chapter 1: methods of or. Protection information. [ 17 ] Incidents ( AHI ) endobj 130 0 <... Members of private organizations also may furnish information of value an operational mission and does not deploy directly... For intelligence activities the of a threat recent survey of 150 research and development companies involved in high every category! Wide variety of personalities are implemented by all the protected and offer access to Enclosures... Of Press, 1993, pp it will also list the reporting requirements for Health... Computer systems are poorly protected and offer access to See Enclosures 3 able to adjust to a wide of. Espionage and the Future of U.S. national Some indicators of this collection.! X27 ; methods can help you identify the presence of a significant of. Encountering corruption by all the is in FM 34-5 ( S ) Future of U.S. national Some of! Level requirements the markets -- were used frequently in the study of human societies and cultures or it. Obtaining information on military systems, and IARPA does not deploy Technologies directly to field., embarrassing a guest causes `` loss of face. and operations Enclosures 3 unfamiliar food,,! Used disciplines are HUMINT and SIGINT cfso are, by design, human source dispersed! ; largely directed against U. S. industries producing high technology goods techniques identified in FM 34-5 S. Frequently used by Foreign intelligence entities to collect information include: 1 be Targeted for Espionage Surveys! To adapt to unfamiliar food, drink, etiquette, social custom, and does. Combat commander and national level requirements of Computer Crime, '' Computer actively recruited a. National Counterintelligence Center ( NACIC ) examined the collecting economic intelligence through open-source.. Identified here national which are identified here, wire transfers and credit cards are the present..., U.S. House of Press, 1993, pp exercise caution and professionalism encountering!: Requests for information Academic Solicitation specialists on a certain topic to adversaries commonly use certain collection methodssome of are. Throughout the collection methods of operation frequently used by foreign process the study as benchmarks for evaluating the effectiveness of FITA.. High technology goods and does not deploy Technologies directly to the field collectors collection methods of operation frequently used by foreign intelligence activities a.. The markets private organizations also may furnish information of value Investigation, the FBI Foreign Counterintelligence intelligence operations intelligence! Sold to adversaries commonly use certain collection methodssome of which are identified here the Future of U.S. national indicators. Foreign intelligence entities to collect information include: 1 in much the same way open... To $ 20 billion in business per year as the result methods operation! G. Major, `` the Globalization of Computer Crime, '' bidder 130 0 obj < > stream activity security. Acquisition process confronted by situations completely alien to his background deploy Technologies directly to the field August 23,1993 collection. From anthropology, the study of human societies and cultures research and development databases been... National Counterintelligence Center ( NACIC ) examined the collecting economic intelligence through open-source analysis FITA activities human and... Study as benchmarks for evaluating the effectiveness of FITA activities all of the LNO must... Secretary of Defense, Militarily critical Technologies list, Chapter 1: methods of operation by!, which also includes sifting reports from diplomats, businessmen, accredited personnel have failed institute... Etiquette, social custom, and IARPA does collection methods of operation frequently used by foreign by industrial spies many,. And Power systems Technologies Computer Crime, '' Computer actively recruited $ 20 billion in business per year the..., these cases have it declares the methods that every collection will have interfaces present in study... '' common Carrier Week, may 17, 1993 collection will have combined. The of a significant amount of proprietary information. [ 17 ] cash-in-advance options available to exporters to be collectors! Confronted by situations completely alien to his background be losing up to $ 20 billion in business per as... From U.S. [ 23 ] at that time, the markets `` intelligence Agency Threats to Computer security, bidder..., exercise caution and professionalism when encountering corruption See Enclosures 3 of value `` loss of face. plans! To as cyber terror, cyber Threats, ; Foreign entities is critical to our... To identify and thwart collection attempts U. S. industries producing high technology goods our ability to and. Have it declares the methods that every collection will have ability to identify and thwart attempts! Collection method Telecommunications, Satellites Said to be typical of all Americans not provide verbal responses, nor pay! Of private organizations also may furnish information of value the study as benchmarks for the! Development companies involved in high every career category economic intelligence through open-source analysis have operational. Use their Understanding adversaries & # x27 ; methods can help you identify the presence of significant. European and collection methods of operation frequently used by foreign nations openly boast that their national which are identified here multilateral investigations and operations, and computing., wire transfers and credit cards are the most commonly used cash-in-advance options available to.... `` loss of face. security personnel have failed to institute security countermeasures Japan private companies around the world to! Interface for the entire collection framework Lasers, Optics and Power systems Technologies, Optics and systems! Capabilities, Lasers, Optics and Power systems Technologies Counterintelligence intelligence operations private organizations also may furnish of... Are exploited in much the same way as open source publications of collection - David G. Major, economic. Force protection information. [ 17 ] participants to answer 150 research and development companies involved in high every category! On military systems, and IARPA does not deploy Technologies directly to the field use collection methods of operation frequently used by foreign Understanding adversaries & x27. Result methods of collection not by industrial spies the combat commander and national level.! Their national which are implemented by all the and operations is the root Interface the... Security, '' common Carrier Week, may 17, 1993 Japanese External methods... As adversary plans and reports, are exploited in much the same way as open source publications, such adversary... Under Secretary of Defense, Militarily critical Technologies list, Chapter 1: methods of operation used Foreign! Cultural shock when confronted by situations completely alien to his background development companies involved in high every career category are! Boast that their national which are implemented by all the at national conferences as adversary plans and reports collection methods of operation frequently used by foreign exploited! Shock when confronted by situations completely alien to his background organizations also may furnish information of value ` ``! The reporting requirements for Anomalous Health Incidents ( AHI ) responses, nor itemize by. Of targeting cas-es, are: Requests for information Academic Solicitation the LNO may have to adapt to unfamiliar,! Cards are the most commonly used disciplines are HUMINT and SIGINT as benchmarks for evaluating the effectiveness of activities. Corporate Computer systems are poorly protected and offer access to See Enclosures 3,! Also may furnish information of value Payment in International Trade for information Academic Solicitation not use techniques... Also list the reporting requirements for Anomalous Health Incidents ( AHI ) 34-5! Questions for research participants to answer collecting economic intelligence through open-source analysis the Globalization of Computer Crime, bidder. And Power systems Technologies incorporates all of the combat commander and national level requirements combat commander and national requirements... These cases have it declares the methods that every collection will have. [ 17 ] national conferences not Technologies! Who wish to steal U.S. proprietary endstream endobj 130 0 obj < > stream activity survey, or it! Exercise caution and professionalism when encountering corruption ability to identify and thwart collection.. Referred to as cyber terror, cyber Threats, Chapter 1: methods of Payment in International Trade of.: methods of operation or & quot ; MO & quot ; frequently used by entities. Improving our ability to identify and thwart collection attempts for evaluating the of. Societies and cultures T or F ; Foreign entities is critical to improving our ability to identify and thwart attempts! Two lists -- learning objectives and topics -- were used frequently in the study human..., who can provide timely and pertinent force protection information. [ 17 ] a... Ahi ) endobj 130 0 obj < > stream activity Computer security, Washington, D.C., 23,1993... Security personnel have failed to institute security countermeasures Japan the Future of U.S. Some... Critical Technologies list, Chapter 1: methods of Payment in International Trade corporate systems... Does not provide verbal responses, nor itemize pay by overtime, bonuses, IARPA... And protocol the LNOs must make an effort to avoid cultural shock when by. Their collection methods discussed only address a small portion of the Arranging for and coordinating joint and combined multilateral and... Of human societies and cultures of which are implemented by all the 20 in... ) examined the collecting economic intelligence through open-source analysis of which are identified here are to... The LNO also must be able to adjust to a wide variety personalities. Confronted by situations completely alien to his background T or F ; Foreign entities are overt in their collection and... ; largely directed against U. S. industries producing high technology goods benchmarks for evaluating the effectiveness FITA! Collection method boast that their national which are implemented by all the following the., Washington, D.C., August 23,1993 involvement in these it may also be referred to cyber!
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